Individual Happiness Contributes to the Harmonious Society Essay

If you have a chance to choose a life, what will you choose? The rich but unhappy life or the ordinary life with lifelong happiness? Most people will choose the latter, because it is the essence of the life. The pursuit of individual happiness is being acknowledged as a world right. People often assume that happiness is an individual thing, but the meaning of happiness shifts across the life course. Therefore, happiness contributes to the harmonious society because it has a positive impact on social life and commercial development. First of all, individual happiness makes a contribution in enhancing social relationships. Individual happiness can invisibly influence the social behavior. If a person feels happy, that will result in positive behavior. Generally speaking, happiness will affect his character and his subjective well-being. Apparently, a happy person will be kind to the people around his social circle. According to Dixon (2011), â€Å"The happiness participants felt about their past generosity, the more likely they were in the present to choose to spend on someone else instead of themselves†. People are willing to share happy feelings; they will be kind spending on others. Individual happiness creates a virtuous cycle between happiness and kindness. Likewise, in the case of people being more kind, the relationship of friends and family will be strengthened. On the other hand, â€Å"happiness is as essential as food if a child is to develop into normal manhood or womanhood: the purpose of bringing-up in all its phases should be to make the child as happy as possible. † (Stearns, 2012) parents have a special bond with their children. A negligible emotional change may have a significant impact on children’s growth. Children will grow up healthily and comfortably in a relaxed and happy environment. Vice versa, parents will become happier when they witness the growth of their children without any trouble. Hence, individual happiness makes a â€Å"positive feedback loop† (Dixon, 2012) that sets an important bond between people. It enhances the relationship and it is beneficial for everyone of each side in the small social circle. Secondly, individual happiness improves the social working atmosphere in the commercial area. More and more businessmen are trying to add the element of happiness into their goods. As Stearns stated, â€Å"Harvey Ball, created in 1963 the yellow smiley face, which took off even in the wake of the Kennedy assassination and whose annual licensing revenues exceeded $50 million within the decade. † Admittedly, Life and work are tough for workers in modern society. In addition, businessmen used happy gimmick in their goods, is actually helping people go out of the dull life due to busy work. Their idea finally made it, because individual happiness is contagious and easily accepted. Thereby, individual happiness has a huge commercial potential compared to ordinary sales systems. Correspondingly, people generally lack the happiness because they are under enormous pressure. The gimmick of happiness will set up a â€Å"positive feedback loop† that benefit to both sellers and customers. Moreover, individual happiness can contribute to a relax work atmosphere. According to Stearns (2012), happiness inspired new workplace standards that instructed white-collar employees and sales people in the centrality of cheerfulness†. Working for a optimistic boss or a serious boss? Most people will choose the former one. No one can tolerate the tough words and face of the boss day by day. Conversely, employees find it easier to accept a happy employer who can mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff. Emotion of employers plays an increasing important role in the work place. Hence, individual happiness can enhance the performance of the company. When employees working in a workplace that is full of happiness, they will be cheered up, the internal thought will drive them to enjoy their work and greatly improve the work efficiency. Individual happiness thereby is beneficial to the commercial development. Some public opinion suggested that the society needs to be more serious, so individual happiness will distract the people’s major goals. This statement is obviously not logical because it is a historical trend that individual happiness accounted for a large proportion of life. It builds a positive circle that promotes the development of society. Serious emotion does work some occasions, but in the whole environment, it will make people become rigid and less creative. To conclude, individual happiness not only enriches the relationship between people, but also brings more benefit in the business process. Truly, the happiness plays a neglected role in some cultures. They are still trying to hiding their people’s feeling. However, dull and serious words have far less influence than many smiling faces around you. Individual happiness gives people the latter feeling; those smiling faces can affect other’s lives in the broader society. All in all, the spreading of individual happiness will lead to a tremendous improvement that will enable more people to live in a harmonious society.

Of losing families and conquering one’s fears Essay

Jamal Wallace made a very important point in the movie just about before the movie ended: †¦and what’s the reason in having a file cabinet full of writing and keeping the shit locked so nobody can read it? What is that man? I’m done with this shit! – Wallace, Finding Forrester The movie is about a young African-American student who is very smart but does not have any focus in his life, particularly, in his academic studies. He was noticed by an elite school, The Mailer-Callow School, when he scored very high in a standardized test across the state of New York. He was offered a scholarship by Mailer-Callow provided that he will play basketball in the school’s basketball varsity team. It was also about this period when he accidentally met William Forrester (whose identity Wallace only found out later) and has since then became his writing mentor. Forrester has detached himself from the society after writing a Pulitzer-winning novel, The Avalon Landing. No one knew the reason why Forrester has gone dark. The two characters became friends and have started to experience change that could not have been possible without each other. Wallace became a personality in the school because of his natural talent in basketball and more importantly, his unexplainable gift in writing. And because the gift cannot be explained, a certain professor, Crawford, somehow was challenged. Crawford and Wallace had a conflict when Wallace tried to stand up and protect his classmate from the intimidating Crawford. The argumentation ended up with Wallace being an enemy of Crawford. The conflict of the story was made more obvious at the end of the movie when Wallace and Forrester had an argument on whether Forrester should go to Jamal’s school for the latter not to be accused of academic fraud – plagiarism. Wallace submitted an article with a sub-title similar to what Forrester has already published before. The only way for Wallace not to be implicated is for Forrester to get out, present himself in the academic board in Wallace’s school (or write a letter), and tell them, that he authorized Wallace to used his words. Wallace has secluded himself for years and he was not about to open up that easily to the society just because of a certain boy stupid enough to break his rule (the essay that Wallace has submitted is an essay Wallace wrote inside Forrester’s house – Forrester and Wallace had an agreement that anything written inside that place will not get out of there). Clearly, the movie’s conflict is more than just Forrester’s â€Å"power† to save Wallace from academic doom. The movie is about the two characters overcoming their fears. In the case of Wallace, he needs to get rid of his racial bias†¦ to get out of the mindset that everything is about the elite and the underdogs. Forrester, on the other hand, has to conquer his fears of developing new friends, new companionships. Forrester is not angry at the society. He is, more than that, afraid that he might, again, lose people that are close to him, people that he has learned to love. The movie showed us how everyone, no matter how satisfied and happy they might seem, have their own fears and discontentment. It seems that more than just Wallace finding Forrester, as his mentor, as his friend, the movie has successfully showed how Forrester found Wallace – a new friend that made him overcome everything that he has tried to avoid and to run away from. The movie Finding Forrester is not just about losing families and finding new ones. It is about fighting your own self, and in the process, finding the new you.

Death Penalty should be Illegal Essay

Each year in America there are about 250 people added to death row and 35 executed. The death penalty is the harshest form of punishment in the United States today. Once the jury has proved a criminal guilty they go to the second part of the trial – the punishment phase. Lethal injection is the most common form of death. Capital Punishment is a difficult issue and there are as many different opinions as there are people. In this country Capital Punishment is not allowed but in America it is legal and it should not be. I think that Capital Punishment should be made illegal in America. The reasons I think that this should be illegal are. Firstly it is possible to execute someone who is innocent. If this does happen it cannot be undone whereas if they had been put in jail they could be released and given compensation. Secondly I think that death penalty is almost not a punishment because you are not around to be punished like if you were in jail with the poor living conditions and no freedom. The opposing side strongest argument would be in 1991; a young mother was rendered helpless and made to watch as her baby was executed. The mother was then mutilated and killed. The killer should not live in some prison with three meals a day, clean sheets, cable TV, family visits and endless appeals. For justice to prevail, some killers just need to die. Another reason I think that Capital Punishment should be made illegal is that life imprisonment without parole serves the same purposes as this at less cost. Right now, to execute someone in The U.S it costs approximately three times the amount it would to have them serve a life sentence in prison. The money used to pay for the death row (including court appeals) comes out of the taxpayer’s wallets. If Capital Punishment was made illegal, this money could go to other projects in need of the funds like building new prisons. A while ago in Britain, a man was released from prison who was wrongly  accused of committing murder. He had been sentenced to life imprisonment, for this murder. While he was in prison he always maintained he was innocent. It took years on campaigning while he was in prison to prove that he actually was innocent. If such a crime like this had been committed in America he could have been put on death row and been executed. If later on they found out he was innocent there would be nothing they could do to bring him back to life. In Britain the man was released and given compensation. There have been cases in America where innocent people have been executed, and this is the main reason I think it should be illegal. I hope most of you will now see the reasons why capital punishment is a waste of time and should not be made legal.

Community Essay

Canadian society has often seen itself has having fiduciary responsibility to help those who cannot mend tor themselves. One ot the social groups included in those described as such are the newcomers or those who have migrated into Canada fairly recently. Having left their homelands in search of greener pastures; this paper intends to examine the multiple facets they have to deal with in order to survive in Canada’s highly competitive society. One of the students in the LINC program of Saskatchewan Polytechnic is cited as an example of a person coping with these social Justice issues. Academic acumen is chieved through improved fluency in English in order to help them become productive members of the workforce or to enable them to gain access to university education. Keywords: microcosm, fiduciary, facets, acumen, fluency 3 Definition of Social Justice Terms Buettner-Schmidt; et al (2012) defines social Justice as fair partaking in society with all the benefits and obligations. This gives people a situation seen as equitable standards in life. Qualities seen include fair treatment, equality in distribution of resources, Just social structures, equal chance of human development, and sufficient ealth care opportunity. Employment would be a condition wherein a person has a source of livelihood of a legitimate nature. Income status would be a condition defined as having a considerable amount of money going into a person’s resource base needed to sustain life. Review of Literature Koh et al. (2010) have determined that, â€Å"Specifically, eliminating health disparities will require heightened emphasis on translating and disseminating proven interventions in a way that will reach all people, irrespective of social class or racial and ethnic background. It will also require transcending the confines of academia to reach and influence broader real-world settings (paragraph 4). † This article from the American Journal of Public Medicine views social Justice as a method by which health inequities should be corrected by using proven and time-tested techniques. It also encourages dissemination of resources regardless of social, racial, or cultural background. This article also envisions social Justice advocacy beyond the academe and into society as a whole. 4 Gostin, L et al. 2006) describes social Justice such that: â€Å"A core insight of social ustice is that there are multiple causal pathways to numerous dimensions of disadvantage. These include poverty, substandard housing, poor education, unhygienic and polluted environments, and social disintegration. These and many other causal agents lead to systematic disadvantage not only in health, but also in nearly every aspect ot social, economic, and political lite (paragraph 6). à ¢â‚¬  This tells us that lack of social Justice can be seen within the context of an inequitable chance of having good healthcare. This problem is connected to other issues of deprivation uch as lack of education, poverty, living in dilapidated housing in inner city areas, and thriving in unhygienic surroundings. In essence how can a person avail of proper health care if he or she is uneducated, lives in a ghetto or slum area, or if he or she is living in abject deprivation with no sustainable source of income? Nevertheless there are those that view social Justice in health care using different parameters. According to Scambler, G (201 1); â€Å"Both material and psychosocial factors contribute to these differences and their effects extend to most diseases and causes of death. Disadvantage has many forms and may be absolute or relative. It can include having few family assets, having a poorer education during adolescence, having insecure employment, becoming stuck in a hazardous or dead-end Job, living in poor housing, trying to bring up a family in difficult circumstances and living on an inadequate retirement pension (paragraph 16). This article views lack of social Justice resulting in a life with a poor standard of health as a mere effect of previous injustices committed on a person who lives in dire poverty. If a person comes from several enerations of a poor family, inadequate education leading to having a minimum wage Job, or if a person lives in a community that has no social support then most likely that person cannot participate in an equitable health care system. Using Social Justice Tools to Assess Economic Conditions of Newcomers in to Canada 5 Discussion Nursing student volunteers are facing a challenge when thinking of social Justice principles when doing volunteer work in the LINC program. Issues such as employment, working conditions, income, and social status may be seen as emotionally charged and can cause an uncomfortable feeling. The nursing student volunteer must learn to broaden his or her horizon when dealing with health determinants such as employment situation or income disparity. Even in developed nations such as Canada a new immigrant may feel marginalized if a person is not given the chance to have access to proper social services. While volunteering in the LINC program of Saskatchewan Polytechnic; one would determine that student volunteers need an opportunity to work with social Justice tools with guidance of members of the academe. The LINC student that is cited as an example relative to this study is AM, male, 37 ears old, and he was from the Philippines.

Central Motif for Saving Face Essay

Saving Face is a romantic comedy that unveils the truth about how the character’s identity can cause personal and cultural conflicts. Wil, the protagonist, and Ma had been keeping secrets from their family making it hard for them to connect with others and come to terms with themselves. Motifs were seen throughout the whole movie expressing thoughts and feelings. For example, face, time and tight camera angles were the motifs in this movie. Throughout those motifs, face was the central motif.Face was the central motif in Saving Face because it was the only reoccurring pattern that would show an individual’s identity. However, the tight camera angles in the movie made it captive for anyone to embrace their identity. The tight camera angles were able to show pain and scorn one was facing as they started to peal their identity away. One saw how hard it could be in being upfront and honest to themselves to others. When Ma had to explain to her father that she was pregnant w ith no husband, the movie captured Ma boxed in.In this shot, Ma was in a room, sitting down closed in by the narrow hallway leading to where she was sitting. Her father was in the same room as her not seen, but only heard. This shows how the outside influences make it difficult to accept one’s state and affects making connections with others. Ma now felt she had to marry someone, even if she wasn’t interested in him. Wil witnessed her mother being scolded by her grandfather, making it more difficult and complicated for Wil to tell her family she was lesbian and going out with Vivian.Throughout Saving Face, the motif time represents how time rushes and prevents the characters from making decisions they need to make for their identity. Saving Face represents time as both linear and circular because time continues to progresses in life but there is a repetition of the characters’ being themselves. Time ages for both Ma and Wil to the point that they are running out of time to change their lives that they continue to live repeatedly every day. The montage in the film shows that Ma is wasting her time with men she isn’t interested in.She goes on dates with an old friend when she’s actually interested in someone else. Time prevents Wil from making her decision because while she was sitting down with Vivian having a serious talk about where their relationship was going, the screenplay showed from sunset to twilight. This shows that expectations were being lost and time was passing by. The central motif of Saving Face is â€Å"face† because it represents the characters’ identity. Saving Face is an expression to keep definition. Face is a motif because face is used repeatedly, especially in close-ups to captivate the person’s identity.In the opening shot, there is a close- up on Wil’s face which she is seen wearing beauty masks to hide her true identity. The beauty mask prevents Wil from expressing her true identity because the face mask shows that Wil is living a life with a false identity. Wil has not accepted herself for her orientation and continues to masks herself because she does not have the courage to take it off. There are also close-ups on Ma’s face which explains how she is hiding her identity by living a life that her father requests her to live by.The close-ups on the faces show entrapment of the characters’ because they are not accepting their identity and live by their family’s request. In conclusion, the central motif of Saving Face is â€Å"face†. The motif face explains how the characters keep an identity that society enforces them to have, not an identity that they would like to be presented by. Even though time and tight camera angles were reoccurring patterns in this movie, it leads to the main point which is face. The characters struggle to come in terms to themselves and struggle to connect with others because of their secrets. Central Motif for Saving Face Essay Saving Face is a romantic comedy that unveils the truth about how the character’s identity can cause personal and cultural conflicts. Wil, the protagonist, and Ma had been keeping secrets from their family making it hard for them to connect with others and come to terms with themselves. Motifs were seen throughout the whole movie expressing thoughts and feelings. For example, face, time and tight camera angles were the motifs in this movie. Throughout those motifs, face was the central motif.Face was the central motif in Saving Face because it was the only reoccurring pattern that would show an individual’s identity. However, the tight camera angles in the movie made it captive for anyone to embrace their identity. The tight camera angles were able to show pain and scorn one was facing as they started to peal their identity away. One saw how hard it could be in being upfront and honest to themselves to others. When Ma had to explain to her father that she was pregnant w ith no husband, the movie captured Ma boxed in.In this shot, Ma was in a room, sitting down closed in by the narrow hallway leading to where she was sitting. Her father was in the same room as her not seen, but only heard. This shows how the outside influences make it difficult to accept one’s state and affects making connections with others. Ma now felt she had to marry someone, even if she wasn’t interested in him. Wil witnessed her mother being scolded by her grandfather, making it more difficult and complicated for Wil to tell her family she was lesbian and going out with Vivian.Throughout Saving Face, the motif time represents how time rushes and prevents the characters from making decisions they need to make for their identity. Saving Face represents time as both linear and circular because time continues to progresses in life but there is a repetition of the characters’ being themselves. Time ages for both Ma and Wil to the point that they are running out of time to change their lives that they continue to live repeatedly every day. The montage in the film shows that Ma is wasting her time with men she isn’t interested in.She goes on dates with an old friend when she’s actually interested in someone else. Time prevents Wil from making her decision because while she was sitting down with Vivian having a serious talk about where their relationship was going, the screenplay showed from sunset to twilight. This shows that expectations were being lost and time was passing by. The central motif of Saving Face is â€Å"face† because it represents the characters’ identity. Saving Face is an expression to keep definition. Face is a motif because face is used repeatedly, especially in close-ups to captivate the person’s identity.In the opening shot, there is a close- up on Wil’s face which she is seen wearing beauty masks to hide her true identity. The beauty mask prevents Wil from expressing her true identity because the face mask shows that Wil is living a life with a false identity. Wil has not accepted herself for her orientation and continues to masks herself because she does not have the courage to take it off. There are also close-ups on Ma’s face which explains how she is hiding her identity by living a life that her father requests her to live by.The close-ups on the faces show entrapment of the characters’ because they are not accepting their identity and live by their family’s request. In conclusion, the central motif of Saving Face is â€Å"face†. The motif face explains how the characters keep an identity that society enforces them to have, not an identity that they would like to be presented by. Even though time and tight camera angles were reoccurring patterns in this movie, it leads to the main point which is face. The characters struggle to come in terms to themselves and struggle to connect with others because of their secrets.

Case Study 4 - Adrian Lamo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study 4 - Adrian Lamo - Assignment Example This is because he targeted companies such as Microsoft and prominent people like the jimmy carter (IT Security Editors). He wanted to know the things these entities do in secret, hence he went ahead to hack into their systems to fulfill his desire of knowing everything that goes on behind the public eye. He fits into the hacker stereotype because since childhood, when he hacked into systems, he was not interested in pleasing his friends, but he hacked for fun, and endeavored to advance his knowledge (IT Security Editors). The hacker stereotype is a smart person who is not concerned with social gains they gain from the actions, but long to know everything that makes them smart on the computer. His punishment fits his crime since he was not judged harshly and he was put under house arrest rather than going to prison. He confessed to his mistakes, and was willing to abandon the bad hacking habits. However, I feel that the damages he had to pay were high since he had no bad

Managing across cultures- Cross cultural observation Essay

Managing across cultures- Cross cultural observation - Essay Example ng different cultural backgrounds interact with each other, their behaviors are â€Å"interpreted† as members of a bigger culture such as class, ethnicity, gender, or even religion. When people from among a similar â€Å"larger† culture interact with each other, their behaviors are â€Å"interpreted† as part of a smaller culture such as family and community. In this paper, a group of individuals from a different culture will be observed to gain insights on how they interact with individuals from among their â€Å"own,† and how they interact with people from a different culture. For the assignment, a group of employees from a diner called â€Å"The Capital† were observed. The team consists of 5 Italian males from different age brackets. Two are judged to be from the mid-30s, two from between 40-45 years, and one who is around 60 years old. The 60 year old male is deemed to be the one who owns the diner, if judged from the way he issues orders to the other employees. Two of the employees take charge of getting the customers’ orders, while the remaining three cook or make the food. Taken generally, they all appear to be easygoing individuals who run the diner. They scream a lot among themselves --- sometimes when informing the others of the orders given by the customers, and sometimes when throwing jokes to each other. They also seem to not have much rules going around the diner, as they can easily shift from screaming orders, to being tough, to throwing jokes to customers and to each other. It is not a rowdy place, however, despite all the nois e from the loud voices talking at the same time most of the times. Stemming from a background where screaming is not a norm, the interaction among the Italians can easily appear aggressive. In the experiences during the course of the observation, there had been several instances when the loud voices took other people by surprise. From a personal viewpoint, these reactions were from people who do not know yet the atmosphere in

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12

Art - Essay Example The Last Judgment is a painting on fresco done by Michelangelo between 1536 and 1541. The painting is at the wall behind the altar at the Vatican Sistine chapel. The fresco is considered to be a breath taking and among Michelangelo’s last art works. In this art piece, Michelangelo depicts the end of the world and the imminent judgment. In this work, all the subjects are stripped naked; symbolizing the stripping of all earthly ranks, and they all appear equal before Christ (Burke 93). The whole painting radiates around Christ and the saved people can be seen rejoicing in light while the damned are being siphoned into the dark underworld. The painting was commissioned by Pope Paul III, who had a lot of faith in Michelangelo’s artistic proficiency. As a religious piece, the work was criticized for its use of nudity, but the Pope did not see any mishap. The painting was also not entirely relying on the bible as it would have been expected; it drew a lot of inspiration from mythological creatures like Charon, seen pulling unsaved subjects and judge Minos as a judge in the underworld (Burke 94). The subject matter of the whole piece is The Last Judgment, and it is depicted as an event where all people will be equal. The only thing that makes the difference is their earthly character, which would condemn them to the heavenly kingdom or to the underworld suffering. This is seen as the damned are crying as they are ferried by Charon towards the underworld where judge Minos is judging them (Burke 95). The saved people are seen rejoicing and happy before the lighted ring with Christ their savior welcoming them. The art piece includes many saints who have in their hands the weapons of their martyrdom that contrasts the actual scene of torture. An example is Saint Bartholomew who was skinned alive. As a martyred said, Bartholomew is seen holding his skin in his left hand and a knife in his right hand. The skin is believed to be a portrait of the artist, which is

Speech Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Speech Class - Essay Example Each of these kinds of friends has a different aspect and meaning for our lives. There are many traits that a best friend has, for example, which are not the same as a formal friend. These types of friends also differ in numbers: a person might have only a few close friends, and at the same time, they will likely have any number of informal friends from day to day. Friends are important, and we would not be able to get by in life without them. But we have to know which category our friend fits into, as a process of reflecting on relationships. Informal friends are persons whom we accidentally meet: maybe while traveling, in school, or on official duty. They are the type of friend who we can feel free to say hello and with whom we may have a chat. We may not have much information about them, like their whereabouts, job or family. Such friends may not have much influence in our life. We deal with them casually. They are more like acquaintances than friends. This type of friend will not have much of an impact on your life. You do not miss them when they are away from you. You generally do not object to their company, and would like to have a cup of tea or coffee with them. But if you are in the midst of some work, you do not mind parting with their company. One may know this type of friend throughout their school career, but they might never talk to each other outside their school. This type of friend comes and goes, and many people have many informal friends throughout their life, even numbering into the hundreds. Informal friends are nice to talk to, but you never intend to have anything more in your relationship with them. They are casual friends and there is no deep relationship that is planned. You just talk with them and then go on your merry way. You talk with them about common topics like hobbies or classes. But you can not talk with them about yours or their personal life and

R&D 5 Draft of report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

R&D 5 Draft of report - Research Paper Example reason are somehow technical, citing the explanation that they maybe faulty, the total electricity consumption is on the increase or is above the set standard. Thus this research will also focus on the main reasons that guarantee the replacement of the whole system, since some of the identified problems may be solvable. According to Robertson, S. I(2001), the best approach to problem solving, is coming up with the easy solutions. Hence before considering replacing the whole system one should consider replacing the various components in the HVAC like the thermostat. The research paper will focus on the above named issues and go dipper on giving long term solutions. The problem under analysi is a matter that affects all people, irrespective of their races and geographical location. However the problem varies from various countries on the basis of the available technology, national electricity consumption and weather patterns. The issue under analysis involves the decision on what to consider when replacing a HVAC gadget. According to the United States Department of Energy(2011) the usage of air conditioners has increased considerably from about 68 percent in 1993 to 87 percent in 2009. Some of this change can be attributed to the climatic change that is experienced all over the world due to the various air and environmental pollution. However the increase can also be attributed to the constant quest of human beings to make the living space more habitable. In an effort to realize better HVAC performance various suggestions have been brought up to replace the current one. Many reasons have been cited trying to explain why the HVAC system should be replaced. The department of energy in the United States Federal

The Negative of Internet on Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Negative of Internet on Education - Essay Example Students approach internet facility to resolve their queries, but are liable to be trapped in fallacies due to lack of understanding and knowledge. Research studies reveal that children seek internet as an aid to please their curiosity about all those ambiguous materials which are otherwise forbidden for their age, this exposure could be intentional or accidental, either by means of e-mail spam or through pop-up windows that may contain perilous stuff for them. Elders guidance is desired to keep a check on the use of internet by their ward(s) to prevent them from hoodwinks of internet, from acquiring erroneous conceptual understanding, and to protect their wards from online exploitation. Internet information inundation not only engrosses an individual but also sidetracks from the normal course and conscience, thereby squander valuable time which otherwise could be utilized in creative activities to attain knowledge and building appropriate concepts. Internet is therefore considered as a burden on the education as it inculcates pseudo-trust "everything is available on internet" and students pay less attention in their

Choose (or create) and justify a METAPHOR which you feel best Essay

Choose (or create) and justify a METAPHOR which you feel best represents the literature of the late 20th - Essay Example Eliot, William Carlos Williams and James Joyce). Through a natural artistic progression of action/reaction, then, the post-modern movement that followed the modernist movement, used the trappings of relativity to examine and express that the juxtaposition of random events to expectations of relativity creates the illusion of an epiphany. In this essay, I will cite examples from two well-respected and critically acclaimed authors, Thomas Pynchon and Don DeLillo, to illustrate how they achieve this aim in contemporary perspectives, namely sociological and technical. Before we get to our examples, however, we need to start with the idea of epiphany and its recent place in literature. Long has the term â€Å"epiphany† been part of the Christian lexicon. It wasn’t until James Joyce introduced the term in his Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, that it gained a new connotation—one that deeply permeates literary fiction still today. An epiphany, as presented by Joyce, can be seen as the moment when a character comes to an illuminating realization wherein all that has been learned, or at least presented to the reader, makes sense as interconnected parts of a whole. For instance, in Portrait of the Artist of a Young Man, that moment comes when the protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, who spends much of the book struggling to understand the justice of Christianity and his place in it (among other things), comes to a moment wherein he sees God and God’s love in all things, as they comes together like puzzle pieces that form a new picture of Stephen’s reality. The reaction to this, then, is that all of the elements we encounter in everyday reality are not related, however, in any objective sense, but products of randomness in which we assign relative meaning to them; thus we create our own epiphanies. While his first three books

Manager and Effective Virtual Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Manager and Effective Virtual Team - Essay Example 83, 2000). The four of the most significant challenges are (1) useful communication, (2) rapport creation, (3) dealing with conflicts and (4) leadership. Technology offers lesser prosperity as well as communal existence than face-to-face situation. Group associates lose data they are used to depending upon. This can cause misunderstandings, unsupported typecasts and misinterpretations. The majority of communications on technology occur with a â€Å"lag time between one message being sent and another received† (Fisher & Fisher, p. 102, 2000). This lessens the closeness as well as effectiveness of response, yet simultaneously provides individuals time to consider during replies. Executives should concentrate on the procedures by which virtual teams should get used to the circumstances. They can find out how to utilize a selection of technologies to be in touch properly with accurateness. They can discover how to utilize the lack of prosperity to their benefit. Premium associatio ns, distinguished by confidence and esteem, collaboration and obligation, are significant in every group. They decrease the level of negative disagreement and develop the team’s aptitude to deal with and get value from job connected disagreement. They boost individuals’ ease in bringing different point of views to the job, and develop the possibility that individuals will support and achieve the team’s goals. At times, premium relationships are even more imperative for virtual teams than for ‘in person’ ones: groups with excellent dealings can more effortlessly work separately with no apprehension for the procedure or result. Disagreements within a virtual team situation are as inescapable as in a cooperative situation. Even though the phrase disagreement normally has a little negative implication, a number of disagreements are generally thought to be encouraging for team performance. Confidence is a requirement for successful disagreement resolutio n. Because of the different background of group associates, the concerns causing disagreements vary between traditions, what is noticed or inferred as disagreement varies, and ultimately methods for resolving disagreements vary. It is apparent that having a better perceptive of disagreement methods within virtual teams is very important. Each group requires a â€Å"planned workspace, defined roles, a clear task strategy and explicit interaction norms† (Lepsinger & DeRosa, p. 193). In a face-to-face team, team members can completely discuss these processes as they view and respond to one another’s facial looks as well as other non-verbal actions. Within a virtual team, there is no such chance, and virtual teams that do not deal with these procedures are frequently unsuccessful to â€Å"get off the ground† (Lepsinger & DeRosa, p. 82). It is the manager’s responsibility to support appropriate response as well as suggestion, and vigorously build on the groupà ¢â‚¬â„¢s strong points as they appear. The team head has liability to guarantee that supporters are â€Å"kept up to date and involved in key exercises, as well as engaged as important resources to access different information and contacts† (Lepsinger & DeRosa, p. 204). An executive should be capable to use the expertise the group is reliant upon, for instance, â€Å"

BRIEF CASE Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BRIEF CASE - Coursework Example Teresa D. Oglesbee is the bereaved and Pfeil is a private funeral home. Oglesbee attended a private viewing at Pfeil in the evening of September 12, 2010. Oglesbee used the front door to exit the building after the viewing. Pfeil official escorted her carrying an umbrella since it was raining. Oglesbee moved ahead of the Pfeil official and fell in an eight-inch drop at the public sidewalk, causing her to suffer injury. The drop was not marked and the official did not warn her about the eight-inch drop. Oglesbee sued Pfeil in tort for negligence arguing that her fall resulted from Pfeil’s neglect and failure. Pfeil discovered this and moved for summary judgment. Pfeil argued that the company had no duty to warn Oglesbee because the drop consisted of an open and obvious danger, which she could have easily observed without necessarily being warned against it. Oglesbee filed a case against Pfeil upon suffering an injury caused by falling into an eight-inch drop at Pfeil’s premises. The offended party usually moves to court to sue the offender for remedies. In this case, Oglesbee is the offended party, and also the plaintiff. Her interest was to sue Pfeil for damages caused by negligence and failure of duty of care to its invitees. Pfeil sought summary judgment after discovering Oglesbee move to court. Pfeil won the case against Oglesbee based on the fact that the drop at Pfeil’s sidewalk was an open and obvious danger; therefore, the company was not responsible for Oglesbee’s injury. Oglesbee decided to appeal to the higher court. The case was forwarded to the court of appeal. The plaintiff/appellant feels that the agent of the defendant/appellee had a duty of care in tort to ensure safety of invitees through providing and keeping posted adequate warnings at the scene under the conditions that prevailed at the time of her injury. These conditions are hazardous and dangerous to people leaving the premises especially when there is no light, sign or

Answers QUESTION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answers QUESTION - Research Paper Example In making decision, bounded rationality was involved since vehicles are available from many locations, varied models and varied prices; however, time and funds are limited thus bounded rationality assisted in making a decision to buy a vehicle. Bounded rationality is the idea in decision-making, where rationality of persons is not directly comparable to their knowledge. The intelligence limitations and limited time affect their decision making (Gigerenzer 13). The final decision is to purchase Midsize Station Wagons; Toyota Prius v with 4 cyl, 1.8 L, Automatic (CVT), HEV, Regular (U.S Department of Energy 1-2). This is because it is affordable and among 2014 Most Fuel Efficient Cars. The decision is satisficing after making necessary research and choosing appropriate alternative regarding the new vehicle to purchase. Satisficing is a decision-making plan that aims for a suitable or sufficient consequence, rather than the most favorable solution (Weber 41). This is so since aiming for the most favorable solution may demand needless use of time, power and resources. Files might be stored in Noncontiguous locations when the disk is new and has not been defragmented. A file kept on disk can get fragmented that means that it is kept on non-contiguous segments. Noncontiguous data access is a contact that functions on data that is not categorized inside memory, file, or both (Savage 85). One instance of contiguous information in memory and noncontiguous data in file is a submission that keeps a 2D assortment in a file, and then afterward needs to interpret the one portion from every piece into a contiguous memory safeguard. In order to maximize access when the file information is contiguous, a reminiscence function can buffer the access in order that data access is implemented in memory and just one file write/read demand is essential(Savage 85).. Contiguous:

All Museums Should Be Free of Charge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

All Museums Should Be Free of Charge - Essay Example Free access to the museum is essential to provide us with the opportunity to learn about our heritage more closely. Museums have an important role in preserving and bringing a country’s historical inheritance to the view of the new generations. Museums are repositories of knowledge and through them; we discover and find out important aspects of our civilization. Free access to museums would help a greater number of people to learn and discover additional things about their country and the world as a whole. The history of the country helps to increase their knowledge about their country and a sense of pride among them. At the same time, it helps in promoting greater comprehension and acceptance of foreign cultures. Museums are like libraries and schools, which offer knowledge. Knowledge should be available to all irrespective of the economic conditions. Therefore, following the trend of education for all museums should be made free to the public. Many people do not have access to the museums because of the high charges. People should have free access to the knowledge of art and history. The Indianapolis Museum of Art has made its admission free of charge. The Museum boasts of a huge collection of art and making the entry free has attracted a large number of visitors to it. (The Indianapolis Museum of Art). Therefore, free access to the museum is essential to provide us with the opportunity to learn about our heritage more closely. Most of the museums use the city and the county tax collections for its maintenance. Therefore, making the entry fee nil will not be detrimental to their income. A number of museums in the United States have made an entry for the public free of charge.  

Motivation - Managing people and organisation Essay

Motivation - Managing people and organisation - Essay Example Abraham Maslow’s studies during the early 1940’s involving human personality and the motivations responsible for initiating action led him to organize a list of five levels which describes people’s most fundamental needs. These include, in order of importance, Physiological, Safety, Love, Esteem and Self-actualization. Physiology concerns bodily necessities including breath, thirst, hunger etc. Safety is the sense of security, such as the need for a worker to safeguard his family by keeping his job. Love describes the need to be accepted within a group and esteem refers to a sense of self-respect (Maslow, 1987). Self- actualization, according to Maslow, describes an individual’s personal growth and can occur only after the other four needs are fulfilled. As someone nears self-actualization, they are becoming increasingly astute and wise and are able to quickly realize the correct course regarding many types of everyday situations. â€Å"Maslow’s ul timate conclusion that the highest levels of self-actualization are transcendent in their nature may be one of his most important contributions to the study of human behavior and motivation† (Daniels, cited in Huitt, 2004). Maslow theorized that by attending to the low level needs first such as security and the need to belong, then providing self respect, employers could more effectively motivate workers. Twenty years following Maslow’s breakthrough work, Frederick Herzberg endeavored to determine the main factors that motivated employees building from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model. Herzberg’s research produced the motivator-hygiene theory concluding that employees could not be motivated to improve output by simply addressing the low-level needs; that this ideology serves only to motivate workers to begin seeking other employment rather than leading to a satisfactory and enjoyable

Background of Chrysler Group LLC Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Background of Chrysler Group LLC - Term Paper Example Formed in 2009, the group has been able to develop very many makes of vehicles that have been a major hit in the automotive industry (Breer, 2009. 34). These cars include the jeep, Fiat, the Dodge. However, among all the vehicles produced by the company, Chrysler is the most reputable. The Chrysler from its initial years back was at a competitive level with other decent makes of cars from rival companies. The companies include General Motors known for its elegant Cadillac that has been able to survive market limitations and still performing well. The other rival company was Ford Motor Company (Rall, 2011). At that time, the company was known for its car, the Lincoln. Ever since the beginning of the competition, the companies have worked hard to outdo each other in the market. However, Chrysler has always managed to come up on top. Witnessed from the 2009 season when the economy was trending down, the car was able to sustain its sales levels while Ford and General Motors decreased the ir performance at a 4.5 and 3 percent margin. On November 4, 2009, the Chrysler group set out a road map or rather a plan that would ensure that the Chrysler increased its sales in the industry by a possible triple. The company had planned to achieve a break-even result for the Chrysler by the end of the financial year 2010. The company had also decided to attain a $1 billion net profit for the Chrysler. The company decided to do this by diversification of its markets. The plan has been on the right track. This is from the results from the financial year ending 2011. The general net income of the company was 212 million dollars for the third quarter of the year. Of the total amount that the company makes in a specified amount of time, the Chrysler contributes up to 65% of the income. Thus, from their financial report produced around January of 2012 showed that the Chrysler made 138 million dollars in sales (Walter, 2011). Further scrutiny of the reports shows that the company had 56 million dollars in net loss by the end of the financial period.

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Essay Example for Free

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Essay Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis can be a life threatening disease, which was first discovered in 1922 by pediatrician A.M. Stevens and S.C. Johnson. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, also referred to as TEN disease, is usually a result of a drug reaction. TEN disease is not just limited to any one part of the world or group of people, but reaches all corners of the world. TEN symptoms can start out as a simple cough, headache or a fever. At this point if it is TEN disease the following, symptoms can be a rash turning into blisters across the face and parts of the body. Treatments for those who survive are given in the hospital. At this point, your Doctor will have taken you off any medications that may be causing this infection. The frequency of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in the United States is estimated to be between 0.22-1.23 cases per 100,000 people per year. However, in HIV-positive people the rate of the disease increases to one case per thousand per year. Additionally, the rate of infection in Germany and France is reported to be between 1 to 1.9 cases per million people. The worldwide frequency of TEN is 0.4 to 1.3 cases per million annually. Regardless of world location, TEN can affect any age group, but it appears to be more frequent in people age 46 to 63 years old. TEN is more prevalent in the elderly population because they tend to use more medications, thus increasing the rate of infection. On the other hand, unlike the elderly, children tend to contract TEN by infection rather than medication reactions. Furthermore, the blood relatives of those who have been affected by TEN can be at a risk of developing the disorder because heredity is suspected in skin disorders caused by drug reactions. Therefore, blood relatives of the infected person must not use the medication that is thought to be the cause, and they should be cautious when using similar medications. The first step of treatment is to stop taking the medications that can bring on TEN. While this may help prevent further complications, treatment will be painful and take some time. One who is treating a patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis main job is to keep infection down and to set up IVs for fluids and nutrition so that the body has the capability to start the healing process. As stated earlier, treatment may take some time so to keep the patient as comfortable as possible, pain medication such as morphine may be administered. Treatment for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis is usually done in the ICU, and is referred to more as supportive care, which means the ICU unit tries to create a positive atmosphere for the body to fight and heal its self of this attack. In conclusion, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis may not be one of the most common diseases out there, but it would behoove one to know the symptoms, such as a rash or blisters appearing or a persistent fever and possible blisters forming in the mouth and eyes. Many confuse this beginning outbreak as the flu. Therefore, if someone you know starts having a reaction that resembles TEN, then one should seek medical help before the body is plagued with an all-out reaction that resembles the blisters of a burn victim.

Qualitative Research Project Essay Example for Free

Qualitative Research Project Essay

Staff Guide on Assessment and Moderation

Staff Guide on Assessment and Moderation Purpose The purpose of the assessment and moderation staff guide is to ensure: All staff are aware of the moderation activities requirements All staff are aware of the assessment requirements; adheres to the quality standards (i.e.: fair, valid and consistent assessment) expected from external parties (e.g.: NZQA) Policy This policy will be achieved through planning and implementation of an annual Moderation Calendar, and regular analysis of assessment results.ÂÂ   Findings and action plans from moderation activities will be implemented and monitored by identified parties Procedure The Programme Leader will be responsible for managing the expectations and delivery of internal and external moderation activities; which includes and are not limited to a. completing an annual Moderation Calendar for the department b. monitoring action plans developed to address findings from moderation activities c. implementation of action plans, where required d. the day-to-day running and requirements of the Moderation Calendar e. monitoring and/or reporting any risks identified from moderation activities to the Academic Board Key responsibilities Programme Leader Prepare Annual Moderation Calendar to include pre-,post-, and external moderation requirements Identify any assessments requiring amendment after post-moderation Summarise results of annual moderation activities and record key learnings Identify moderators required and assign moderators for stages of moderation Nominated Moderator Carry out moderation activities as requested (pre-, and post-) Complete moderation and reports to be submitted to Programme Leader Teaching Staff Discuss planned moderation activities and nominate moderators Complete review of assessment materials Complete amendment of assessment materials with consultation with Programme Leader Policy Quality Indicators Moderation activities are planned and carried out according to the annual Moderation Calendar Assessments submitted meet the quality standards (i.e.: fair, valid and consistent) expected from external partied[AG1] (e.g.: NZQA) Part 2: Personal Reflection Moderation is comprised of a set of procedures designed to ensure quality assurance through monitoring and evaluation of assessments (The Skills Organisation Incorporated[AG2], 2014). The characteristics of moderation activity include fairness, validity, reliability, consistency, sufficiency and authenticity (The Skills Organisation Incorporated, 2014). The five different types of moderation will be discussed below. In addition, a reflection form personal practise of some factors that can have an impact on the type of moderation will also be discussed. Internal pre-moderation Why: This is carried out by nominated internal moderators to ensure the validity and sufficiency of assessment materials prior to being used by learners (The Skills Organisation Incorporated, 2014). Any actions identified following this activity must be implemented, reviewed and moderated prior to being used by learners. Review of factors and issues: In my[AG3] experience, this is a crucial process which requires time and attention, to ensure for the validity and sufficiency of assessment materials. The responsibility is with the moderator to ensure he or she is knowledgeable of the learning outcomes, the assessment requirements and assessment materials. Internal post-assessment moderation Why: This is carried out by nominated internal moderators to ensure there is fairness, validity, consistency and authenticity displayed by the assessor of the assessment materials (The Skills Organisation Incorporated, 2014). Review of factors and issues: This process can be used to ascertain if the learning has occurred for students. In my experience, internal post-assessment moderation requires a sample of highest, middle and lowest graded assessments. This is to ensure there has been consistency in the assessors judgement in allocating marks for the assessments. This is also an opportunity to gain an insight into the students learning progression. However, there has also been times that an assessor has received the feedback and/or suggestions from the action plans in a negative manner, creating an environment that is less conducive. There has also been times whereby there has been leniency from the moderator due to sympathy or the fear of causing offence to the assessor. Such behaviours can have serious consequences[AG4], relating to both the quality of the assessments as well as the integrity of the process. Peer moderation Why: This is carried out to ensure there is consistency between assessors within the same department and/or organisation (The Skills Organisation Incorporated, 2014). Review of factors and issues: In my personal experience, peer moderation can create a perception whereby an assessor may feel targeted[AG5] due to the feedback provided. Often, an assessor may feel like he or she needs to be able to justify his or her decisions, which can lead to an environment that is less conducive. On the other hand, peer moderation can also be a very useful process whereby assessors are given an opportunity for wider collegial discussion, which can assist with learning and further understanding of the assessment materials. External pre-assessment moderation[AG6] Why: This is carried out by nominated external moderators to ensure there is fairness, validity, consistency and authenticity displayed by the assessor of the assessment materials (The Skills Organisation Incorporated, 2014). Any actions identified following this activity must be implemented, reviewed and moderated prior to being used by learners. Review of factors and issues: As previously identified, this is a crucial process to confirm assessment materials are fair, valid and consistent with the required standards. The moderator is required to have sufficient understanding and knowledge of the learning outcomes, assessment requirements and assessment materials. External post-assessment moderation Why: This is carried out by nominated external moderators to ensure consistency, validity and reliability of assessment between Tertiary Education Organisations, Government Training Organisations, Industry Training Organisations and schools are being maintained (The Skills Organisation Incorporated, 2014). Review of factors and issues: The findings from post-moderation can be useful in ascertaining if the learning[AG7] has taken place, as this provides evidence of learning outcomes being achieved by learners. This further solidifies the characteristics required by moderation, for example, authenticity. References The Skills Organisation Incorporated. (2014). Moderation. Retrieved from http://skills.org.nz/assessment__moderation/moderation

Effect Customers Perception Brand Image Of Fmcg Companies Marketing Essay

Effect Customers Perception Brand Image Of Fmcg Companies Marketing Essay In the midst of rapid globalisation and increasing access to information, companies are acknowledging the importance of being socially responsible. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) broadly includes social, ethical and environmental responsibilities towards the society (Polonsky and Jevons, 2009). It refers to the triple bottom line, referring to expanding the traditional meaning of organisational success to accommodate ecological and social performance. Research shows pursuing a socially responsible mindset leads to numerous benefits (Butler, 2006; Burke Logsdon, 1996). CSR also increasingly plays an important role in consumer attitudes towards the company and brand as a whole. The brand of a company plays an essential role in building an identity, differentiating the value offering, and more importantly, drawing a larger customer base. The brand image of a company refers to a customers perception of its brand in totality. In the past couple of years, social responsibility has been incorporated with the entrepreneurial characteristics of an organisation, leading to the conceptualisation of a new term called Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE). It is a relatively new phenomenon related to integrating social considerations into a companys business operations. CSE is a process aimed at enabling business to develop more advanced and powerful forms of CSR (Austin and Reficco, 2009). Multinational Companies (MNCs) producing Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) have been particularly active in displaying CSE in order to uplift the rural sections of the developing society. Being a relatively new concept, the specific impact of Corporate Social Entrepreneurship on the consumer outlook towards the corporate and product brand has yet to be researched in detail. This research attempts to explore this relationship and gain a better understanding of CSE. Adapting the theoretical framework used by Poolthong and Mandhachitara (2009), explained under the literature review, a quantitative study will be conducted to examine the effect of an MNCs CSE activities on its brand image. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To gain insight into the impact of CSE on customers perception of the companys brand and their brand associations, taking Multinational Companies (MNCs) in the FMCG sector as an example. LITERATURE REVIEW Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained a lot of importance among stakeholders and in the corporate world in the past few years. Modern literature on the concept can be traced back to the 1950s (Bowen, 1953; Eells, 1956; Heald, 1957), while formal definitions came about from the 1970s (Johnson, 1971; Carroll, 1979; Epstein, 1987). The most popular and widely accepted definition of CSR was given by Archie Carroll in 1979: The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time (Carroll, 1979, p.500). From a business perspective, this definition forms the basis of CSR, termed as the Triple P Concept of People, Planet and Profit. In todays global nature of the corporate environment, firms are increasingly recognising CSR more as a core activity rather than a peripheral one. This growing importance of CSR can be attributed to changing societal expectations, growing affluence of consumers and rapid globalisation (Werther Chandler, 2005). BRAND IMAGE The term brand can be defined as a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them which is intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors (Kotler, 1991, p.442). Brand Image is considered to be an important aspect of marketing and was the first consumer brand perception recognised in marketing literature (Gardner Levy, 1955). It is defined as the perceptions about a brand as reflected by the brand associations held in consumer memory (Keller, 1993, p.3). These brand associations refer to perceptions of brand quality and attitudes. The brand image is considered independent of the functional product offering; it gives the product a human element. The Branding Law of CSR Recent literature identifies how a company can differentiate itself and can gain a competitive advantage by linking the brand to CSR (Brammer Millington, 2006; Du et al., 2007). The brand image of a company is greatly affected by the degree of social responsibility it shows. CSR helps a company establish social legitimacy in the eyes of the customer. In their paper, Werther and Chandler explored strategic CSR as a means of achieving global brand insurance. A CSR driven approach of a firm increases the brand-user bond and reduces the brands weakness to other organisational shortcomings (Werther Chandler, 2005). This relationship between the brand value of a firm and the importance on CSR to it can be represented as The Branding Law of Corporate Social Responsibility: The importance of CSR to any organization is directly related, and rises in proportion, to the value of the firms global brand (Werther Chandler, 2005, p.321). CORPORATE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP (CSE) Until recently, an organisations involvement in CSR was limited to being certified by social and environmental standards, having a well-established community welfare programme and so on. However, increasing global awareness has led companies to take their social responsibility to the next level. Organisations will have to explore the imagination and initiative of individual employees; and this had led to the emergence of a revolutionary concept that would enable firms to accelerate and develop their CSR initiatives. This term is called Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE). CSE draws from the key concepts of corporate entrepreneurship, and social entrepreneurship. Corporate entrepreneurship refers to identifying and utilizing new business opportunities through innovative use of resources and strategies. Simultaneously, social entrepreneurship was defined by J. Gregory Dees as an innovative activity with a social purpose in either the private or nonprofit sector, or across both (Dee s, 1998). However, unlike either of these terms, CSE involves mobilizing organizational resources as well as creating social and economic value. It can be defined as the process of extending the firms domain of competence and corresponding opportunity set through innovative leveraging of resources, both within and outside its direct control, aimed at the simultaneous creation of economic and social value (Austin et al., 2005). The Multinational Companies are today recognizing the bottom of developing markets, termed as the base of the pyramid as having a higher potential than the saturated developed markets through disruptive innovation (Hart Christensen, 2002). This forms the basis of CSE, aiming at targeting new sections of the market for economic benefit through social upliftment. Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Companies and CSE Multinational Companies (MNCs) in the FMCG Industry have been active in CSE initiatives in relation to the rest of the corporate world. Saroja Subrahmanyan and J. Tomas Gomez-Arias, in their paper in 2008, identify the efforts made by FMCG companies to target consumers at the bottom of the pyramid. Hindustan Unilever in India was one of the first companies to introduce products in smaller sizes to the rural section of the country. A network of women from rural backgrounds was formed and they were directed to sell Unilever products in sachets door-to-door. Also, Kissan, owned by Hindustan Unilever, buys farm produce as raw material for its products. Danone, the French company partnered with a number of Non Government Organisations (NGOs) to sell yogurt in Bangladesh and South Africa (Subrahmanyan Gomez-Arias, 2008). CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK In their paper in 2009, Yaowalak Poolthong and Rujirutana Mandhachitara studied the effect CSR activities had on perceived service quality and brand effect, and the role of trust in establishing a link between perceived service quality and brand effect in the Thai retail banking sector. Garcia de los Salmones et al. (2005) found a direct relationship between a companys CSR behavior and the customers perception of service quality. In turn, the study by Poolthong and Mandhachitara (2009) displayed a positive relationship between perceived service quality and trust in the company, thus leading to a positive brand effect. Simultaneously, a considerable number of studies have found a direct relation between CSR and customers attitudes towards the company (Bhattacharya and Sen, 2003; Brown and Dacin, 1997), thus representing a positive effect of CSR on brand effect. Based on this framework, the proposed research study will attempt to gain an understanding of the effect of Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE) on the brand image of an FMCG company (Figure 1). Adapted from: Poolthong, Y., and Mandhachitara, R. (2009). Customer expectations of CSR, perceived service quality and brand effect in Thai retail banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27 (6), 408-427. Evident from the corresponding literature, research exploring the concept of CSE is relatively new and has been gradually picking up pace. The specific effect of CSE on the company from the customers point of view is yet to be looked into in detail and this study makes an effort to understand the same, giving valuable insight into using strategic CSR and CSE as a marketing tool. Using the framework given above, this study will try to answer the following research questions: Do CSE activities of a company have a positive relationship with the customers perception of company brand image? How significant is CSE to develop a favourable brand image for an FMCG company from the customers point of view? METHODOLOGY Luck and Rubin (1987) state that a good rule in all research is parsimony; using only meaningful data. This study aims to explore and evaluate the effect CSE activities has on customers perception of brand image, taking the FMCG sector as an example. This research will first use secondary sources of information to gain insight into role played by MNCs in the FMCG sector with respect to social responsibility. Secondary data plays an important role in establishing a background to primary research (Newson-Smith, 1988). Appropriate journals, articles and other publications will be used to understand previous studies conducted analysing the relationship between social responsibility and brand associations made by consumers. Through this source, a pre-existing questionnaire will be adapted in order to gather primary data. Being a quantitative study, a survey method will be used by means of a questionnaire. According to John Webb (2003), survey research is appropriate for gathering data on attitudes, opinions, respondent knowledge and awareness etc. After looking for an appropriate questionnaire linking CSR and brand image, it will be adapted to devise an appropriate questionnaire analysing customers attitude towards an FMCG companys CSE initiatives. The possible options available to use questionnaires are personal interviews, telephone interviews, mail questionnaires, and e-questionnaires. Given the time and cost constraints, using an e-questionnaire is the most effective and appropriate method of data collection. Emailing questionnaires to respondents has become an increasingly popular method of data collection. In this proposed research study, questionnaires will be emailed to the sample population. Alternatively, online survey software like www.kwiksurveys.com or www.freeonlinesurveys.com may be used to create convenient and hassle-free questionnaires. In this case, using an e-questionnaire is the most appropriate due to advantages of instantaneous delivery, quick responses and convenience for the respondent Kumar et al., 1999). Apart from this, increasing global access to the internet enables easy reach to the targeted respondents. However, using this method poses the limitation of respondents interpreting questions differently along with a high risk of not responding. With regard to the sample size of the study, a total of at least 100 filled questionnaires is aimed at, to minimize the sampling error. Using a judgement sampling technique, consumers of FMCG products on a global level will be identified to fill the questionnaire. Additional respondents will be reached through the snowball sampling, where one respondent may lead the researcher to other potential respondents (Marshall, 1996). The reason behind selecting FMCG consumers for this study is simply based on the high degree of activity of FMCG companies with regard to CSE and the fact that a large number of common people use some variety of an FMCG. This is ensures ease in reaching these consumers, leading to more reliable results. Based on the data collected, the data analysis software called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) will be used to organise and interpret the information. Factor Analysis will be used to reduce the number of variables to a few constructs. Following this, cluster analysis will be used to identify clusters of relevant scales for the proposed research. Regression analysis will then be used to establish the nature and strength of the relationship between CSE and brand image. Ethical considerations will be made in the process of gathering data. A section describing the key aspects and primary motivation to carry out the research will be put in before the questionnaire. Additionally, complete anonymity of the respondents will be maintained throughout this study. Supported by the framework proposed by Poolthong and Mandhachitara (2009) and related literature about CSE and brand image of a company, this research proposes to find a positive effect of a CSE mindset of a company on the customers perception of the brand in totality. It will enable researchers further explore the nature of Corporate Social Entrepreneurship from the point of view of a customer. Also, FMCG marketers will be able to evaluate the significance of CSE in marketing communications. GANTT CHART The following chart outlines the schedule of activities in conducting this masters thesis. The dissertation period begins in the month of June with the submission of the final dissertation on September 6th 2010. TASK Background Reading Preparation of Literature Review Desk Research Collecting Data Analysing Data Writing Data Analysis Preparing Background Information Writing Research Methodology Writing Discussion Writing Conclusion Revision of Chapters Completing First Draft Final Changes and Improvements Binding   WEEKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Jun Jul Aug

Eco-Translatoloty: English Translation of Chinese Classics

Eco-Translatoloty: English Translation of Chinese Classics Study on the Development of English Translation of Chinese Classics from the perspective of Eco-translatology Keywords: Ecological Translation Studies, the Chinese classics, translation, traditional culture, development trend. Abstract. Eco translation studies is the use of ecological rationality, from the perspective of ecological integrity of research conducted overview of translation. Ecological Studies on translation and cultural tradition of literary translation and translation studies doctrine itself poses a challenge. It digestion for the translation of the selection process anthropocentric mindset, and construction of a new paradigm, according to this paradigm or principle, the translation of the selection is not based on their own subjective likes and dislikes translator , but rather it should be based on self-selected text translatability. This should ensure that translation studies as a scientific discipline basic premise. As a sub-discipline of translation studies, translation studies has its own ecological characteristics: both to the translation of the excavations carried out in order to peruse its translatability in the process of translation should be possible to preserve the original text in the target language of ecology balance. Introduction From the 1990s, translation studies teaching model has been more and more attention of scholars parties. But the current translation teaching mode mostly from translation theory and educational theory in two directions, from the overall concept and the system cannot analyze the concept of the existing problems. In todays era of globalization, with increasingly frequent cultural exchanges among peoples, the role of translation has become more and more indispensable. Thus the study of translation will no doubt be referred to the academic research agenda. Translation Studies, Translation Studies or, after having gone through cultural shift will be where development has become a common problem of domestic and international translation researchers think. In the past few years, through the joint efforts of scholars, or Translation Studies Translation Studies has made great progress, which finally established his position in the territory of discipline, but is moving in a relatively independent and mature Humanities and Social Sciences branch of the direction of development. Ecological translation studies should be regarded as a branch of translation studies. Translation Studies ecological ecology theory and criticism along with methods other scholars in literature is being translated rise, it is strongly traditional literary and cultural translation and translation studies doctrine itself poses a challenge. But in the contemporary translation studies, there is still a considerable number of scholars of this branch of the significance and vitality skeptical. Given the ecological Translation Studies research in fact already exists in the practice of translation studies, and therefore the relationship between ecological research or ecological criticism of this paper is to explore ecological translation studies and literature. Ecological translation studies started in 2001 is in full swing in 2009. This is a gradual process. If our system of discourse constructed as an output result of this process, then the result is bound to have its occurrence, the basis for development, the premise and conditions, etc. Consequently, many students believe that translation can only teach courses probably do not even trust the ability of teachers in translation. The new school was to explore ecological Translation Translation Teaching Model provides a new perspective. State translation theory as the basic principles and ideas of the guidance based on Darwinian adaptation / selection and proposed Translation as Adaptation and Selection, not only to emphasize the ecological integrity of the entire system of translation, also re-interpretation of the nature of translation, process and methods a series of translation phenomena. Ecological Translation Studies believes that the use of traditional translation teaching translation skills to translate the lack of practice relevance, the translator should pay attention to the text which the translation environment, in order to adapt to the ecological environment to make a dynamic selection of different degrees, such as cultural texts, authors, readers and other mutual interaction between ecological subsystems, therefore, teachers improve students language skills at the same time, but also to strengthen the cultural, religious, social and historical background of knowledge and understanding to do the translation between the various sub-ecosystems integrity and relevance, so as to make the translation theory and techniques to explain and use have a reasonable explanation.       Figure.1 Eco-translatology The Proposed Methodology Ecological Paradigm.Paradigm is a big concept. It is related to the specific field of study in a large direction and big principle is a way to study the overall concept or research mode, embodies value judgments and research methods. Ecological Studies repeatedly to locate its translation paradigm. Translation Studies in the field of ecology, said from the perspective of ecology explore Translation Theory ecological paradigm is gradually taking shape, and has been more and more recognition. The main sign is that many scholars in the study of basic concepts related issues, value judgments, research methods, and conclusions as well as the terms used are all pointing to essentially incorporate ecological Approach to Translation Theory. These aggregates ecological Translation Studies Community in recognition of Ecological translation researchers learn basic description translation, Translation Studies accepted guidelines for eco-translation studies, translation studies follow the research methods of ecological overall relevance, and their performing specific the study also used a common problem of the ecological value of the standard translation studies. These studies have not isolated, single case studies, and can be seen as joint research agreement under ecological Translation Theory Paradigm. Incidence order chain.Highlights associated chain sequence is: Given Translation is language, and language is part of culture; culture is the accumulation of human activity, and humanity is part of nature. Associated sequence chain reflects the expansion of horizons of human cognition and rational base path of progress, it is consistent with the basic laws of human cognitive evolution, both interactive and progressive nature of the feature, it can be said outlines progressive visual field of human cognition logical sequence and points to the inherent mechanism derived exhibition. The focus of translation studies from the translation itself to language, culture, human ecology, it has also been constantly repeated, interactive, just reflect this trend and its characteristics. We can see the interconnections between nature and biological translation, as well as the basic characteristics of the natural ecosystem and human social interaction common system. Ecological rationality.The so-called holistic / association, is to follow a rational ecology, the study of translation ecosystem, not just limited to the isolation of a sub-ecosystems (such as translation body ecosystems), or some stakeholders (such as translation activities funders) from an ecological rational perspective, the relevance and the need to take care of the integrity between different ecosystems. The so-called dynamic stress / balance, is to follow a rational ecology, the study of translation ecosystem, through the translation between the main object of attention, interaction translation subject and its external ecological environment influence each other, forming a translation of ecological interdependence homeostasis system. The so-called reflect the aesthetics, ecological rationality is to follow, the study of translation ecosystem, in the process of translation studies, both macro-level or micro level, has been the pursuit of aesthetic principles. Ecological rationality above has important guiding significance to build eco-system of translation studies discourse. I also believe there will be more and more rational use of theoretical ecology and applied translation studies translation studies. Translator center.One of the fundamental problems of translation theory is how to describe and explain the translator in the role. The importance of the translator in the translation process, but also makes the study of this issue has become an eternal topic translation industry. Ecological Translation Studies is the relationship between the translator and the translation environment. On the translator, he/she is an independent body, throughout the translation must be completed by the translator and the leading role of the consciousness. Translator in the different languages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and different cultures interacting forces interaction point, both the main body of the translation process, and is the cornerstone in Translation can be performed. Ecological Translation Studies believes that the translator is the sum of all translation process Contradictions. Translator centric concept to translate living, emotional, creative translator to the translation theory of reception, so that translation theory based on real, concrete basis translator, Translator centric concept proposed translation help make the Translator Studies research radius has been extended, and the theoretical level it has improved; the same time, the translator of self-respect, self-discipline and their own quality the increase also promoted. This orientation to the translator and the translator for the ultimate care of translation theory, its advantages become increasingly evident, so that aspect of the case studies translators centers, leading translator, translator subjects, etc. continued. Classics generation.Classics is the result of academic development, ideology and culture is a historical process evolving. In the long course of development, which includes at least three interdependent aspects: First, the spirit of thought; the second is to preserve the spirit of symbolic thought, that language; third shell material according to the language, such as paper and the like. Thing to do is to translate the spirit of ideological conversion from one language to another language, the language of its external form, internal texture is spiritual, ideological, cultural, and therefore not only to study the language translation conversion, but also the study of language TCEs after conversion. China is a country attaches great importance to the traditional history, resulting in a lot of history books, with excellent historical tradition. Dynasties will learn from the experience of the rise and fall of dynasties, learn, learn from history, past serve the present. History in China is a big subject, research has deep historical roots. Chinese culture of Confucianism and Taoism on Chinese peoples social life norms and spirit of the character played a significant role, its influence has never been interrupted, undoubtedly belongs to Chinese cultural classics in the central part, which belongs to China thinking class books. Chinese literature is a big country, rich literature, which basically reflects the spirit of Confucianism and Taoism, Buddhism or even thought can be said that Chinese literature is a concrete manifestation of Chinese thought and culture, so Chinese literature or Literature Classics is also an important part of Chinese culture classics. Translation in Chinese cultural classics of the 19th century, these two books translated into most English speakers, this study focused on Chinese thought and literature class books classics into English. Although it is a part of Chinese culture classics of science and technology, pharmaceutical, and other books geography class. Classics in Translation. Translation history to be able to provide a reference for contemporary translations, is learning from history, past serve the present, get past today play a role in the translation, so translators more than a reference current. In the such a purpose, this study will be noted in the description of translation of the language level, which is the translation of the operational level, focusing on comparison between the original and the translation, focusing on translation of key terms, as well as the important passages back into Chinese to find a place between two languages and two cultures What changes, sum up experience and lessons learned for the moment Translator service; in the analysis will include more perspectives on translation and translators, readers and society, level exchanges between different cultures, and use them as research. Starting from the microscopic and macroscopic gradual transition to the two links to a comprehensive study together, and s trive to the value of the 19th Century Chinese classics into English excavated. Ecological translation.Translation mention ecological science, people may soon expect is currently in the field of literary criticism very active eco-criticism. Ecological Criticism is from the perspective of the ecological environment for critical interpretation and explanation of literary phenomena, which after nearly two decades of practice has been a gradual transition from a problem-oriented movement of a methodological guide to literary criticism methods. Institute of ecology, ecological literary criticism or pointing to the ecological environment is the theme of writing. Of course, there are various forms of writing, originality is divided into writing and variability writing or rewriting. We should acknowledge that across the boundaries of language translation is to use another language the original text rewritten or some form of rewriting, which it contains both creative ingredients, but with a reproducible composition. Translation unlike creative writing, its anthropocentric consciousness will have a distinct deconstruction, then we engaged in translation studies should also take into account the translation has the opposite characteristics of deconstruction. It can be said, deconstructive ecological translation studies is that it ruthlessly digestion on the proposed translation of the selection process anthropocentric mindset, because for anthropocentric purposes, regardless of the text to be translated if the inherent translatability, as long as the translator would be happy to contribute to its reproduction in another language. In anthropocentric mindset, political and cultural enlightenment translation function is often inappropriate to play to a point where, as a consequence, its own laws also been destroyed. Ecological principles of translation studies will be reflected in the restrictions on the role of the translator: the translator must respect the original internal ecological structure, by carefully reading and deep understanding of the original discovery of this inner translatable to achieve with the author and translator equal exchange and dialogue between the text. Conclusion In todays cultural background, we emphasize that the translation should spread Chinese culture and literature in the world and make due contributions. Translation teaching mode ecological translation studies from the perspective into the teaching objectives, curriculum resources, translate the main object, and translate market demand and other factors, with more fresh content and a broader perspective. An empirical study of the Teaching of the above shows that the pattern of the information technology (interactive, virtual simulation capabilities and modern social networking tools) and translation teaching normalized integration can help students improve their translation ability, through the translation of language learning, but also through language learning the information they need. But, in this mode, how to improve the workshop cohesion and motivation, how to strengthen the supervision and guidance on how to improve students self-monitoring and self-control, how to render more e ffective ecological interactions it is possible further explore research questions. References 1. Tymoczko, Maria. Translation in a postcolonial context: Early Irish literature in English translation. Routledge, 2016. 2. Jia, Sun. A study of the conceptual metaphors in the representation of women in the Chinese novel the song of EV erlasting sorrow and the English translation. (2015). 3. Maier, Giulio, et al. The Complete Works of Gabrio Piola: Volume I Commented English Translation-English and Italian Edition. (2014). 4. Cox, Laurence, and Alf Gunvald Nilsen. Das Ende neoliberaler Hegemonie durch soziale Bewegungen?(English translation: Reading Neoliberalism as a Social Movement from Above). Theorie und Praxis 2016 (2016): 98-105. 5. Shinde, Smita Rambhau. A Socio-cultural Study of the Marathi Play in English Translation: with Reference to Satish Alekars Mahanirvan. International Journal of Multifaceted and Multilingual Studies 3.1 (2016).

The First Computer Dependent Generation :: essays research papers

The First Computer Dependent Generation The computer has become one of the most important and influential luxuries of this generation. Young people use computers every day for school, work, and entertainment. They are the first generation to have become computer literate as early as the onset of adolescence. For most of their lives they have used computers, so it is not surprising that our generation has become highly dependent upon them. Frustration usually occurs when one can not get access to their computer. In college dorms, students get upset when Internet service is down for even an hour. While off-line, many of these â€Å"stranded† students dial in every minute to see if the network is back on-line. Occurrences like these show that this generation can be defined as overly computer dependent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Computers are becoming more of a necessity than ever to higher education. Universities make it clear that computers are crucial for success. This is demonstrated by the ever-growing number of course web pages, and increasing use of student e-mail. Computers also facilitate communication in large lecture halls where sometimes students find it impossible to talk with their professors. E-mail has become the most efficient way by which teachers and students interact. However, one can argue that e-mail is an artificial substitute for student-teacher contact. After all we did come to college to get an education from superior individuals in their subject area. E-mail seems to defeat the purpose of this idea because anyone can e-mail, but, not everybody can go to a world renowned professors office and have a conversation about the material being discussed in class. Sometimes, entire classes are on a web page. These students need not even go to class, because they know the lecture notes will be on the class web page along with the practice midterms and finals. The fact that computers make these things easier reinforces the computer owner’s dependence. Furthermore, students no longer have to do research outside of their room. Today, students can do all their research on the web, or through the online library system, which many universities offer. Students who do not own a computer are at a disadvantage because they have to spend added time accessing computers. Living in a college dorm, I have been surrounded by computer junkies for the first time. These users resemble hermits, at times. However, since computers provide so many conveniences, they live happily within the vicinity of their colored monitor. The First Computer Dependent Generation :: essays research papers The First Computer Dependent Generation The computer has become one of the most important and influential luxuries of this generation. Young people use computers every day for school, work, and entertainment. They are the first generation to have become computer literate as early as the onset of adolescence. For most of their lives they have used computers, so it is not surprising that our generation has become highly dependent upon them. Frustration usually occurs when one can not get access to their computer. In college dorms, students get upset when Internet service is down for even an hour. While off-line, many of these â€Å"stranded† students dial in every minute to see if the network is back on-line. Occurrences like these show that this generation can be defined as overly computer dependent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Computers are becoming more of a necessity than ever to higher education. Universities make it clear that computers are crucial for success. This is demonstrated by the ever-growing number of course web pages, and increasing use of student e-mail. Computers also facilitate communication in large lecture halls where sometimes students find it impossible to talk with their professors. E-mail has become the most efficient way by which teachers and students interact. However, one can argue that e-mail is an artificial substitute for student-teacher contact. After all we did come to college to get an education from superior individuals in their subject area. E-mail seems to defeat the purpose of this idea because anyone can e-mail, but, not everybody can go to a world renowned professors office and have a conversation about the material being discussed in class. Sometimes, entire classes are on a web page. These students need not even go to class, because they know the lecture notes will be on the class web page along with the practice midterms and finals. The fact that computers make these things easier reinforces the computer owner’s dependence. Furthermore, students no longer have to do research outside of their room. Today, students can do all their research on the web, or through the online library system, which many universities offer. Students who do not own a computer are at a disadvantage because they have to spend added time accessing computers. Living in a college dorm, I have been surrounded by computer junkies for the first time. These users resemble hermits, at times. However, since computers provide so many conveniences, they live happily within the vicinity of their colored monitor.

Dewar’s leader in U.S. Scotch whisky industry Essay -- Business and Ma

Dewar’s leader in U.S. Scotch whisky industry 1. Situational Analysis 1.1 SWOT Analysis Strengths - Dewar’s leader in U.S. Scotch whisky industry, with a market share of 15%. - Past success with the advertising campaigns in maintaining a positive image for Dewar’s among Scotch drinkers. - Strong research and development. - Backup from United Distillers, which is an International leader in the Scotch whisky and Gin markets, and one of the most profitable spirit’s Company in the world. - Dewar’s is positioned as a premium and prestigious blend of Scotch whisky. - Schieffelin & Somerst, distributor of Dewar’s within U.S, is the product of a Joint Venture with Moet Hmessy Louis Vuitton, allowing cost reduction. Weaknesses - Lack of promotional strategies to attract new customers. - Targeting a segment market that is not growing. - Slow reactions. Opportunities - US, the largest liquor market in the world (13% market share) with high profit margins. - Young adults’ good attitude towards the consumption of withe spirits. - Social acceptance of mixed drinks. Threats - Sales in Industry of liquor and withe spirits with a negative growth. - Scotch whisky in the declining stage of product cycle. - Mature target market consuming less Scotch whisky. - Growing social resistance and regulations of liquor consumption in the U.S. - Shift of consumer preference towards lighter alcohol beverages, such as wine and beer. - Risk of becoming over analytical and moving to slowly when implementing the repositioning strategy. 1.2 US Scotch whisky Industry Analysis. Both the industry of liquor and the industry of distilled spirits had suffered a reduction in consumption since 1978. This represents 15 years of constant negative growth. Some of the factors that had caused this phenomenon are the growing of social, regulatory and legal restrictions over drinking. Also, drinking preferences have shifted towards lighter alcohol beverages, such as wine and beer. The Scotch industry has suffered an even greater decline due to the fact that its target market is drinking much less. It has become the distilled spirit with lower consumption per-capita. Mature customers are not loyal to a brand, they are lower priced oriented. If all these factors remain the same, ... ...f the campaigns. 3. Analysis and evaluation of options Three strategies have been developed in order to help managers to take the last decisions in the release of the campaign. Strategy 1 Implementation just of the maintenance campaign directed to mature adults. Strategy 2 Implementing truths and maintenance campaigns at the same time. Strategy 3 Line extension 4. Recommended course of action The most realistic, and practical option that I can recommend to the manager is the second one. She already had researched and developed a big campaign that in just two moths is supposed to be released. We just hope that no changes in the perception of the mature audience will be produced due the expose to both campaigns. Also in terms of lees cost and almost immediate effect in profits, the best choice is the second one. But let's say if there is no budget or time constrains the best option for me is the third one. Keeping each segment with different products it makes it easier to target the audiences. When this young adults reach certain age they will immediate cross the bridge to Dewar’s classic bottle, giving a more serious and respectful image.