Consumer Behaviour Purchasing and Comparison Process

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behaviourfor Purchasing and Comparison Process. Answer: Introduction The decision making process involves various complexities in all the stages involved. Thus, the consumer decision-making process is also a combination of complexities starting from the stage of recognition of problems to the stage of after purchase actions undertaken. The needs and requirements vary with the consumers; everyone has a different mindset regarding their lifestyle on a daily basis (Gabriel and Lang 2015). The complexity may arise here, as the opinion of consumers varies for a product in particular. In addition, the selection, evaluation, purchasing and comparison process among the different products vary from one consumer to the other (Oliver 2014). Thus, the importance of realizing the major issues and complexities has become an important point of view for the majority of the companies and public. They have started understanding in order to utilize the realized theories into practice for better future. The different facts and findings by various researchers have ultimately headed towards a common consensus as the various theories and models, which had been developed over time, are slightly different from each other. The theories about the consumer processes are similar for all the stages from the purchase of the products and services to the stage of the post purchase activities carried on by the consumer (Karimi et al. 2015). The most common model, which is followed for the consumer decision making, is the Five Stage Model and as the name suggests, it involves five steps or stages (Birkland 2014). It is also too precise, clarifies the arguments, and issues related to all stages and thus adapted and accepted by the majority. It is a simple model and illustrative and explanatory in nature, which helps in the decision of purchase, and others required on a daily basis. The steps are discussed as below: Problem or Need Recognition The first step is the recognition of the requirement or the existence of problems. The recognition takes place once when there is a situation of the consumer realizing the reason of differences, between the desired state and the actual state of dealings along with the requirements. The basis view was that the needs and requirements varies based on the situations and circumstances which an individual faces as a whole. It can be either personal or professional and thus helps in the idea of purchase. An example can be where; a consumer might realize that instead of desktop computer, a laptop might be required as it can be carried anywhere and used in various places (Hair 2015). The needs of individuals are categorized under two types of nature being psychologicalandphysicalneeds. The emotions and other feelings fall under the psychological needs and the necessities and requirements fall under the physical needs (Lurie 2016). A major contention was that a consumer might not know or be aware about the need for a particular product until and unless one is encountered with a product or service. In other words, the engagement of an individual and encountering with the products and services helps in the awareness for the need of such products. For example, an individual might like and need the product once he goes for window-shopping or once when he comes across the media advertisements related to some products and services or similar encountering of various circumstances. The argument was resolved by an explanation, which provided that human needs have no limits and confinements. The human beings have a dissatisfactory nature and thus once a need gets satisfied, the other one arises in just a short span of time (Zipf 2016). The recognition of problems is recurring in nature, which thus makes it difficult to know the ultimate requirement of any individual. It can never be constant or unvarying in nature for any set of individuals or consumers. Information Search The second stage reflects the research of information or particulars of the needs recognized in the first stage. Before making the decision of purchase, a customer will like to search for more information related to the product required. Every customer has a different set of processes and knowledge for gathering such information required. While few of them might want to rely on their experiences from past, the others would depend on the feedbacks provided from the peers and other people. The process of research about the product is complex in nature as it is very hard to judge the actual nature of the required products and services. Thus, the process of searching is divided into internal and external search procedures. The internal search carries on the comparative analysis of the alternatives available from the experiences and knowledge gathered through their own feedbacks based on their own experiences (Hellstrm et al. 2015). For instance, one knows his taste and requirement of food is fulfilled by applying their own knowledge and taste. The advice of other individuals is not necessary in such cases. While on the other hand, the search done externally involves the cases in which larger purchases are to be undertaken like gadgets and appliances. For example, new cell phone and cars requires the suggestions of peers and media like the advertisements or magazines. The argument here involved the attractive role of the internet, which gets reflected in the professional and personal lifestyle of the individuals. The individuals are turning towards the resources provided through the internet. The internet provides a detailed range of information on the various categories of products and particular brands (Babin and Zikmund 2015). Thus, the online reviews and feedbacks are affecting the public at large, which is in disagreement and argued. It is creating a huge impact upon the stage of the search of the information as people are accepting the facts and feedbacks as provided by the internet community. The peers and family members are also one of the highlighted sources of information. But, here the process depends upon the level of relationships and influences exerted by such peers and relatives. Thus, in general an individual does not undergo the pain of searching the required information as they easily rely on the information collected by the relatives and peers (Runco 2014). Evaluation of Alternatives The third stage compiles the evaluation procedure carried out for the alternatives available for the choices considered in the first and second stages. Thus, the above two stages helps in the determination of the third stage. The next step after the information being gathered from the above steps constitutes the comparison and evaluation of the information to make the right selection (Fiksdal et al. 2014). The stage contains the analysis of the customer of all the information acquired through the research done. It also considers a variety of substitutes and compares them according to the wants and desires. In addition, other variety of aspects such as size, worth, brand name and quality are considered at this stage. Consequently, this stage is considered the most significant stage throughout the entire consumer decision-making course In addition, there was a controversial aspect regarding same that, the evaluation process would become harsh and difficult in nature as it could prove to be time consuming along with a greater amount of pressure upon the consumers. The human needs changes on an uncertain basis and thus it becomes tough for finding the products and services which would prove to be ideal and satisfactory for the consumer. The factors causing hindrance on the consumer decision making are numerous and thus the difficulty arises. Few of the factors are the cultural, economical, age, taste and other aspects. The old people generally go after the quality while the younger find the design a major factor in taking decisions to buy a product (Case et al. 2016). Even, the endorsement done by great celebrities prove to be a major factor as it causes a great impact on the evaluation of the decision making process of the consumers. The people follow their idolized celebrities while purchasing a product or service, as they dream and crave towards resembling their hero icons. Purchase Decision After the research and evaluation of such products, the consumer has to carry on the decision of purchasing. It is therefore the most important and critical step of the whole process. The final decision of purchasing the required product is taken by the consumer after reviewing the whole process under the above three steps (Fleischmann et al. 2015). There can be various factors affecting the decision of the purchase by the customers. The stock might get out and delay might be caused by other factors causing uncertain scenarios. Thus, the consumers might shift on to online purchase rather than physical purchase. It is to be kept under special purview that the impacts created on by the sales managers must not be too forcing in nature. The sales managers play an important role in influencing the decisions. Hence, the sales management must not be too abrupt in nature for higher effectiveness. Post-Purchase Evaluation Lastly, the ultimate stage of the decision making course of action is the stage of the post-purchase evaluation. After the procurement and takeover of the preferred product takes place, the companies ignore the post purchase assessment as they think this stage to be an unwanted and unnecessary one. Nevertheless, this stage can turn up to become the major integral part of the decision making process as they can get feedback of the consumers and record the same for the future use. The company must record the response, whether it is positive or negative so that they can know the demand in near future for the particular products (Sunyansanoa et al. 2013). A supporting view was provided which cited that the decision making process is a cyclical action and also that, a good knowledgeable and experienced person can be helpful in lowering the uncertain position which takes place for the next time of purchasing the product or services. Also, after buying the goods and services the peers, family members and other close ones opine about such products which can turn to be a major factor affecting the outcome of the evaluation of the post purchase (Sethna and Blythe 2016). These lines were supported by others as it was accepted that the opinions of the peers positively reflect and creates an impact on the satisfaction level of the customer without considering the level of objectivity. The authors had stated that the consumers respond either positively or negatively. They may get either satisfied, or dissatisfied. This would depend upon the evaluation of the purchase and comparative study of their expected thoughts and materials. The customer becomes experienced with the outcomes and it helps to give a better and direct impact upon the following decisions to be made by the consumers in the short or long run. The decision becomes easy for the same product and if brought from the unchanged seller (Tietenberg and Lewis 2016). Thus, it is a simple concept i.e. if the purchaser is satisfied, the purchase might be repeated. On the other hand, if it is unsatisfied it is not likely that the consumer might buy the same product at all. Thus, it is important to note the after purchase evaluation procedure from the customers, rather than ignoring it easily. Conclusion Consumer decision-making process is thus an integral and never ending procedure as discussed above. The process goes through the various stages and all the stages are equally important. All the steps and stages must be effectively summarized and recorded to get hold of the major techniques, to maintain the consumer base. Though the tastes and needs of the consumers change frequently in nature, the issue of the never ending needs can be met up by the analysis and assessment by the management and companies. The observable behaviors can help the assessment of an individual customers needs and requirements. Thus, the buying and decision making process of a customer is too analytical on the cost benefit analysis as there are huge alternatives present in the market environment. Thus, it is unreal to assume a perfectly rational economy for such decision-making procedures. Sometimes, there might be a skip of all stages, i.e. the consumers can directly jump onto the purchasing stage, without searching and collecting information and even evaluating the alternatives for the desired product. However, it must systematically in order to get an efficient and effective decision-making through the company and management. References Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Birkland, T.A., 2014.An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts and models of public policy making. Routledge Case, D.O. and Given, L.M. eds., 2016.Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behavior. Emerald Group Publishing. Fiksdal, A.S., Kumbamu, A., Jadhav, A.S., Cocos, C., Nelsen, L.A., Pathak, J. and McCormick, J.B., 2014. Evaluating the process of online health information searching: a qualitative approach to exploring consumer perspectives.Journal of medical Internet research,16(10), p.e224. Fleischmann, B., Meyr, H. and Wagner, M., 2015. Advanced planning. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 71-95). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Gabriel, Y. and Lang, T., 2015.The unmanageable consumer. Sage. Hair, J.F., 2015.Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Hellstrm, C., Hammer, E. and Martin, E., 2015. Blog influence on consumer information search: From a consumers perspective. Karimi, S., Papamichail, K.N. and Holland, C.P., 2015. The effect of prior knowledge and decision-making style on the online purchase decision-making process: A typology of consumer shopping behaviour.Decision Support Systems,77, pp.137-147. Lurie, N.H., Berger, J.A., Chen, Z., Li, B., Liu, H., Mason, C., Muir, D.M., Packard, G.M., Pancras, J., Schlosser, A. and Sun, B., 2016. Everywhere and at All Times: Mobility, Consumer Decision Making, and Choice. Oliver, R.L., 2014.Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Runco, M.A., 2014.Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice. Elsevier. Sethna, Z. and Blythe, J., 2016.Consumer Behaviour. SAGE. Sunyansanoa, S., Farquhar, J. and Czarnecka, B., 2013. Consumers post-purchase evaluation for repurchase intentions of credence products: Empirical evidence from Thailand.Journal of Retailing,76(2), pp.193-218. Tietenberg, T.H. and Lewis, L., 2016.Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge. Zipf, G.K., 2016.Human behavior and the principle of least effort: An introduction to human ecology. Ravenio Books.

Native Americans (332 words) Essay Example For Students

Native Americans (332 words) Essay Native AmericansSweat lodges were a basic component of Native American life. The NativeAmerican completed a purification ceremony in these sweat lodges. This ritualdealt with purifying the human body and soul. The layout of the sweat lodge, thepractice of the purification ceremony, and the symbolism in each of these thingsare all part of Native American rituals The Navaho used to call sweat lodgestqache. They are made out of birch willow branches and resemble a beehive. Outside of the sweat lodges is a fire used to heat rocks. A dirt path from thefire outside goes through the door leading to the fire inside. The door isalways facing toward the east. In the middle of the sweat lodge is a hole withthe heated rocks from the fire outside. Sweat baths are filled with symbolism. Sweat represents the washing away of physical and moral impurities. Thisceremony is meant to revitalize and allow the person to be born anew. The lodgeis an image of the universe. The rocks inside symbolize the center of theuniverse. The heated rocks in the fireplace represent the Mother Earth. Thestream created by pouring water over the rocks symbolizes the Thunder Being. Theparticipants purify themselves with rocks, fire, water, earth and air. Thepractice of the purification ceremony is essentially a sweat bath. When thestones in the fire outside are hot enough they are brought in. The participantschant and sit in silence. After this is done, a mixture of water, sage grass,cedar, and pine needles is poured onto the hot rocks. This produces a hot vaporbath that leaves the fragrance of burning needles and grass. This practice canbe done many times a day. There are always sweat baths before importantceremonies, warpaths, or the signing of treaties. This ritualistic ceremonyshows many of the beliefs about Gods relationship with the earth and humans. This purification ceremony put the American Indians in a frame of mind to makeimportant decisions. The layout, practice, and symbolism in the sweat lodges area major part of Native American rituals.

Choosing the Best Essay Topics For Your Test

Choosing the Best Essay Topics For Your TestAs you take your time selecting the best essay topics for your upcoming AP test, you will want to be sure that you have a good idea of what the topics are going to be before you start. There are a number of topics that you can choose from and they are just as important as the questions themselves.Most students love to try out the different essay topics because it's so easy to do. It is a great way to give yourself a break from all of the writing work, so to speak. Here are some of the more popular essay topics you may want to consider.One of the first choices that you will have is American History. This is a topic that is fairly easy and has questions that are fairly easy to answer. The most difficult part will be creating a convincing argument for your viewpoint. This is a topic that is an all around winner.One of the best essay topics that you could choose is about a famous person, such as Elvis Presley. You can also choose a celebrity. T hese topics are fairly easy to write about and the responses should be fairly easy too.If you are looking for a topic that is focused on your college experience, you might want to look into how to write a campus visit essay. This topic is probably one of the most popular, because it can get you some good review points. This is also a very useful way to introduce yourself to a number of professors.Some other essay topics that are popular with students are about music. Whether it is about a famous musician or a band that you love, you can get points out of this topic. College students love anything that relates to music, whether it is about music festivals or concerts. It's a topic that is very popular with students.You will also find that some students like to write about how they spent class time. This is a popular topic for the students who enjoy taking a lot of notes. This is a great way to show how much they learned during their course.You may also want to check out a few of the other essay topics available, but these are the two that are most popular. Other common topics include Constitutional Law and current events. You will find that these topics are quite popular as well. It really depends on what type of student you are and what you want to achieve by writing your essays.

An Introduction to Irregular Verbs - Proofeds Writing Tips

An Introduction to Irregular Verbs - Proofeds Writing Tips An Introduction to Irregular Verbs Most verbs do exactly what you’d expect them to when you change their tense. But this isn’t always the case. Some verbs are grammatical rebels. And when these terms pop up, it is easy for errors to creep into your written work. Join us, then, for a quick look at how to handle irregular verbs. Regular Verbs Before we look at irregular verbs, though, we should define what a regular verb is first. These terms are easy to understand because their simple past tense and past participle forms all end with the letters â€Å"-ed.† For instance, the verb â€Å"sail† becomes â€Å"sailed.† Other examples include: Base Verb Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle Bake Baked Baked Hurry Hurried Hurried Kick Kicked Kicked Lower Lowered Lowered Play Played Played As shown above with â€Å"hurry† and â€Å"hurried,† the spelling of certain words changes slightly when forming past tense forms of a regular verb. But even these terms end â€Å"-ed.† Importantly, too, the simple past tense and past participle forms are the same in each case for regular verbs. Irregular Verbs An â€Å"irregular verb† is any verb that doesn’t follow the rules above when forming simple past tense and past participle forms. As a result, these words don’t end with â€Å"-ed† like regular verbs. For example, the simple present tense verb â€Å"break† does not become â€Å"breaked,† but actually changes into â€Å"broke† (simple past tense) and â€Å"broken† (past participle). Other examples include: Base Verb Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle Cut Cut Cut Drink Drank Drunk Sit Sat Sat Think Thought Thought Write Wrote Written As you can see, there is no real pattern to how irregular verbs behave: Some change just one letter in different forms (e.g., drink drank drunk) Others change more significantly (e.g., think thought) In some cases, the simple past tense and past participle forms are the same Some words use a different term for past tense and past participle forms Others don’t change from the base form in either case (e.g., cut) It can, therefore, become a bit confusing! Our advice is to watch out for irregular verbs when reading and learn how they’re used. Checking unusual terms in a dictionary and having your work proofread to correct any verb-based errors is also a good idea. To Be or Not to Be? No, we’re not quoting Shakespeare. We’re just highlighting how tricky the verb â€Å"be† can be. This little word is one of the sneakiest around, with a variety of forms depending on how it is used. Verb Forms First Person Second Person Third Person Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Present Tense Am Are Are Is Are Past Tense Was Were Were Was Were Present Participle Being Past Participle Been This may make â€Å"be† the most irregular verb around! And while it is easy to master the basic forms with practice, you should still be careful when using the subjunctive mood.

Russian Economy Research Paper Essay Example

Russian Economy Research Paper Essay Different Periods in Russian Economy In this research paper I will shortly cover general features of economy during the periods from industrialization of Stalin till present Medvedev’s government. Stalin had great influence on the economy of the Soviet Union in 1920s. It was he, who launched industrialization process, and who knows where could be Russia now, if he did everything right and succeeded. From one hand his actions were directed on the overall well-being of the Soviet Union and its people. He was a real patriot who wanted to see USSR on the top of the world. On the other hand he was ruthless to common people and in every second person envisioned the enemy of the nation. Obviously, all public enemies had to stay in convict colonies and camps (Barbusse 42-44). We will write a custom essay sample on Russian Economy Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Russian Economy Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Russian Economy Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During the period of the Stalin’s government country was facing a depression. Stalin considered fast and efficient industrialization the only way to take the country out of the crisis and to raise it to unknown previously economic heights. He started with the agricultural sector by introducing the notion of collective and state farms. He was against private property of any kind. In 1928 he introduced the first five year plan with set standards of production that seemed quite unachievable. People should sacrifice everything, including personal interests for the common goal, for their native country, for its future and prosperity. Later on, he decided to speed up the timing of this plan, not taking into consideration that there were no factual prerequisites for it. It is difficult to underestimate the impact of Stalin’s industrialization on the economy of the USSR. It was the period when huge plants appeared along with thousands of new enterprises. USSR was at that time absolutely self-sufficient. It became almost as powerful as the USA and of course the most powerful in Europe in terms of gross output. During years of his government, Khrushchev tried to conduct a reform in several fields. Soviet agriculture had serious problems and it was the main Khrushchev’s concern. In the previous years of Stalin leadership, it attracted the attention of the collective households, which introduced considerable innovations in this field of the Soviet economy. The state motivated peasants to grow more on their private plots, raised payments for crops grown on the collective farms, and invested more in agriculture. In the middle of 1950s virgin land campaign took place. Khrushchev introduced to farming vast areas of land on the north of the Kazakh Republic and neighboring territories of the Russian Republic. These new farmlands appeared to be exposed to droughts, but in some years they produced amazing harvests. Later innovations by Khrushchev were however counterproductive. His USA inspired plans for growing maize and increasing meat and dairy production failed, as well as his collective farms reorganization gave rise to confusion in the countryside. Khrushchev’s reforms in administrative organization and industry were even more problematic (Keep 81-91). In 1963 Khrushchev’s special seven-year economic plan (1959-65) was abandoned two years short of its completion due to serious economic problems in the country. By 1964 Khrushchev’s popularity and prestige teetered, as industrial growth decreased and agricultural sector showed no new progress. There was no wheat and no bread in the country. Long lines were near groceries. At this point Khrushchev decided to buy wheat from the USA, taking the easiest possible path. He was stimulating demand and economy of the other country instead of making corrections, improvements and reforms in his own agricultural sector. When the General Secretary of the country became Leonid Brezhnev, USSR’s economy was not in its best condition. Dramatic reduction of the economic growth was observed. That doesn’t mean that the economy was truly weak, this meant that it was slowing down and not working for all it is worth. USSR still could afford itself supersonic planes, spacecrafts , rockets, space station MIR, etc. The problem lied in the fact that consumer market was not balances and it was a period of time when goods and products just disappeared from the market shelves. There was real deficit of particular goods and net surplus of others. The same situation was at the labor market, as there was a shortage of workers in some fields, and mainly in agricultural sector. People in the villages did not get enough compensation for their work and therefore were moving to larger cities to get some money. Brezhnev continued the policy of Khrushchev of wheat import, but it was not very helpful. Product shortage problem still was very critical. When Gorbachev became the Secretary General, his main goal was to bring back to life Soviet economy after stagnation. Gorbachev is prominent for introduction of the following reforms: free speech or openness, restructuring, democratization and acceleration of economic development of the country. Gorbachev was clever enough to understand that revival of Soviet economy is almost impossible task without reorganization of bureaucratic apparatus, of political and social structure of the nation. During the time of his leadership all goods were approved by the state that significantly improved the quality of production and maintained quality of the produced goods. Gorbachev was the author of anti-alcohol campaign due to wide spread alcoholism in the country that could have been the obstacle to rapid economic revival. Therefore, prices were raised and sales of beer, vodka and wine were restricted. But I appeared to be the double edged sword, as revenues of the budget drastically decreased a nd USSR budget lost almost 100 billion rubles. It had a positive outcome, as people were able to buy more of other goods. In 1986 Gorbachev introduced the new policy of reconstruction that was aiming to create efficient mechanism for economic and social progress of the country (Kelley 81, 109). This policy supported democracy, improvement of discipline and order, socialist self-government, etc. In 1988 Gorbachev proposed to reduce the control of the party of the government. He introduced presidential system and new legislative element. In 1990 Gorbachev was elected the President of the Soviet Union. This event was strongly criticized and Boris Yeltsin was the main critic (Chafetz 54; 61). After the collapse of the USSR, Boris Yeltsin, as the new President of Russian Federation, immediately started radical economic reforms. His aim was to transform the command market of the country to the free-market. Yeltsin followed the policy of microeconomic stabilization, simultaneously ordering liberalization of prices, foreign trade and currency. In order to stabilize economy, Yeltsin increased taxes; cut government subsides, as well as state welfare spending. Later, Yeltsin started the process of privatization, but due to the fact the beginning of 90s was a very fraudulent time in Russia, it was not very successful. Or it is better to say that it was successful mainly for oligarchs, as assets of state companied were just given away. It is important to mention that Yeltsin supported private property and viewed it as the basis for the developing economy of the country (Steen 92). In 1999 Putin became the president of Russia. During Putin’s leadership the economic situation in the country significantly improved. He increased Russia’s purchasing power, GDP and overcame the consequences of 1998 financial crisis. He also increased amount of investment for about 120%, industry grew by 76%, doubled real incomes and seven timed increased average monthly salary (Rose 98). Putin increased amount of people in the middle class (from 8 million to 55 million) and the number of people living below the poverty line from 30% to 14%. He carried out such important reforms as retirement reform in 2002, banking and tax reforms, etc. Putin was a great supporter of business and introduced the flat tax of 13%, as well as reduced corporate tax rate from 35% to 24%. Putin also significantly decreased Russia’s external debts (Steen 67). In 2008 Dmitry Medvedev was elected as the president of the country. At the same year a great financial crisis started, but Medvedev claimed that it was provoked liquidity crisis in the USA. Technological innovation was named as the key priority of his presidency. Due to world crisis it is difficult to estimate Medvedev’s presidency, but he is very optimistic and claims that situation in Russia is stabilizing along with its currency. Deforestation, Acid Rain and Desertification DeforestationForest degradation and deforestation, in particular, are outcomes of changes of climate. Plants use carbon dioxide for their growth through absorption. When plants delay or are being burnt, this dangerous chemical is released again. Plants that decay also release methane, which even more dangerous and potent than carbon dioxide. Deforestation makes double damage, because of the release of greenhouse gasses, as well as because of the reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide that is absorbed. During last 150 years more than 30% of carbon dioxide that was added to atmosphere came from deforestation. Even though this amount can seem very big, it is nothing compared to what is still stored in forests. Russian forests (along with Canadian) hold almost the half of the world’ carbon stock. In order to understand reasons of deforestation, it is essential to analyze what can do harm to forests. At first, temperature ranges changes, as well as precipitation. Due to climate change, secondly, forest fires and drought scan increase. Though, forest fires can be good to forests, as they clear dense brush and can be included in the lifecycle. Forests also suffer a lot from activity of humans, as well as drought. Insects that are invasive can also damage health of the forest, but they play an important role in boreal ecology, as they supply food for birds, decompose litter and eliminate trees’ diseases. Of course, increasing urban areas have a very negative impact on the forests, as they are replayed with buildings and pavements (Vajpeyj 20; 193). Acid rainSpeaking of the acid rain, there are many forms of it. There can be acid rain, acid fog or acid snow. There can be also acid gas and acid dust (in the countries with dry climate). It is needless to say that acid rains to a lot of harm to environment. They do not act immediately, but after some time period and make living organisms in the environment die. In the next paragraph I am going to discuss the substances that cause acid rain. These substances are being released into the air. Carbon dioxide is the main substance. It is released to the air by burning oil, coal and natural gas. If a person inhales carbon dioxide, which is toxic, it can be the reason for serious health problems. Carbon monoxide is the other dangerous substance that is released with burning oil, wood and gasoline. When carbon monoxide gets to humans body, it goes directly to the bloodstream and subsequently slows down oxygen delivery to the body with possible fatigue, headaches and dizziness (Vajpeyj 48). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are widely utilized in air conditioning systems, refrigeration, and industry and consumer products. When they are released into the air, the reduce ozone layer of the stratosphere that protects surface of the Earth from harmful sun rays. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) are released into the air with motor vehicles, printing plants, chemical plants and dry cleaners. They can cause cancer, problems with nervous system, birth defects and even deaths. Lead is released with car and house paint, as well as with fishing lures, lead batteries, particular ceramic ware, fixtures and water pipes. It is very dangerous especially to children, as it can cause damage of the nervous system and some learning problems. Nitrogen Oxides are released into the air by coal and gasoline. Ozone is released by industries, motor vehicles, gasoline, burning coal, hairspray and paints. Particulate matter (PM) is another substance that is released by trucks, buses, cars fertilizers, road construction, pesticides, mining, steel making, wood stoves, etc. When mixed with air and inhaled, PM particles stuck in the lung tissue. Sulfur dioxides can be released by paper production, melting metal and burning coal. It significantly harms vegetation, metals and can cause problems with lungs. And finally volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released by burning coal, wood, natural gas, gasoline, paints, glues and solvents. There are definitely much more harmful substances that release into the air and cause acid rains. Automobiles are the main source for those pollutants. DesertificationDesertification is the degradation of formerly productive land and is a very complex process (Vajpeyj 118). It has many causes and it can occur differently in different climates. It can influence general climatic trends towards greater aridity or just change the local climate. It is not that easy to follow and describe the common pattern of desertification. On the main causes of desertification can be increased population, as well as increased pressure of livestock. In other words, when the land is being devastated an all her resources are being taken- the process launches. So causes of desertification are overpopulation, over-cultivation, overgrazing, deforestation, increasing water salinity, changes of global climate, etc. Major Landforms and Hydrography of North Eastern Eurasia North Eastern Eurasia can be fairly called one of the largest and least-populated regions in the world. This region is very rich on natural resources with diamonds, lead, gold and manganese as an example. There can be found steppe, taiga and tundra in North Eastern Eurasia. There are mountain ranges, which are very high. Eastern Siberia is defined geographically by most contemporary Russian sources as including the Yenisei River system in the west and ending at the Pacific watershed in the east. It is differentiating from the Siberian Federal District, a political unit created in 2000 that does not contain the Sakha Republic and does incorporate few provinces attributed to geographic West Siberia – a transaction that may have been made to improve vast mineral wealth of the region. However, if the topography and hydrography of the region are be viewed, which two of the most essential factors in determination the flow of economy, migration, warfare, and history, it is possible to see that Eastern Siberia should extend significantly to the east from the federal district, even though where it exactly it should end- can be a real question for long discussion (Mote 44). The landscape of the region is much diversified – there are spanning arctic desert in the north, steppe in the south and humid taiga in the central region. Nomadic groups such as the Tatars, Huns, Mongols and Manchu inhabited the region about 300,000 years ago. While Siberia was under the Tatars’ control, western Siberia saw some development with the founding of cities and forts. Eastern Siberia, however, was mainly left to nomadic lifestyles. Russia’s conquest of Siberia was amazingly fast, sweeping from the Urals to the Pacific in just over a half century, by creating the Russian Empire. Settlement was then supported with a series of forts for protection and soon settlers, hunters, and even fugitives became those crossers of lands, who started and founded new settlements, as well as trading communities. They would also found lead, silver, and copper mines about three centuries ago, and later practiced intense gold mining (Kotkin 75).

U2s Bono and his Worldwide Influence essays

U2s Bono and his Worldwide Influence essays Many countries in todays world are in great debt and overall panic as to the state of their governments financial affairs. Many people in different organizations worldwide are trying to relieve these countries of their debt and help their people with basic necessities. One such person is a well-known entertainer by the name of Paul Hewson, or better known by many U2 fans as Bono. Bono, while best known as a famous entertainer, has been one of the most influential supporters of helping people of Third World countries in the past decade. Bono received his famous nickname of Bono Vox from a close friend, after the name of a local hearing aid store. He despised the name until he was informed that it was Latin for good voice (Bono: Biography). Bono was born in Dublin, Ireland on May 10, 1961. His father, Bobby, was a postal worker and was a very religious Catholic man. Iris, his mother, was a Protestant. They were a typical middle class family. Bono grew up in a Dublin neighborhood commonly known as Ballymun. It was located between the city and the countryside. Bono recalls being raised in a very spiritual environment, but because his parents were of different religions, he was never fully accepted nor felt comfortable with either of the Catholic or Protestant faiths. Tragedy struck in the Hewson family in 1974 when his mother died from a brain hemorrhage. After this horrific event in his life, Bono entered the non-denominational and co-educational Mount Temple Comprehensive School. The years that he spent at this school had an enormous influence on his life (Unforgettable Fire). In 1976, Larry Mullen, U2s current drummer, placed an ad on the school bulletin board in search for people to start a band. A few kids, including Bono, gathered at Mullens house to audition. Bono was as charismatic of a character then as he is today. Mullen describes the initial meeting as...

BLONDE AND BLUE EYES Essay Essays

BLONDE AND BLUE EYES Essay Essays BLONDE AND BLUE EYES Essay Paper BLONDE AND BLUE EYES Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Hobbit PATRICIA Evangelista. an 18-year-old communications sophomore at UP Diliman. won the 2004 Best Speaker award in the International Public Speaking competition conducted annually by the English-Speaking Union ( ESU ) in London. The petite. poised and reasonably Filipina emerged triumphant in a field of 60 contestants stand foring 37 states that are members of the esteemed international British establishment dedicated to the thought of â€Å"Creating Global Understanding through English. † Evangelista won her topographic point in the finals after clinching one of two slots in her heat during the tension-filled. heatedly contested forenoon preliminaries held at the ESU central office in London. With the eight finalists known by lunch period. the action shifted to the Kinema theatre hall of the enforcing South Africa House on Trafalgar Square for the decisive confrontation in the afternoon. The seven other finalists came from Malaysia. Pakistan. Czech Republic. Argentina. Brazil. Morocco and Mongolia. The â€Å"native speakers† of English - from the USA. England and Wales. and Australia - had earlier been eliminated in the heats. South Africa. ever a strong rival. besides failed to do it to the finals. The subject of the competition this twelvemonth was â€Å"A Borderless World. † with as many readings coming out as there were talkers. The diverseness added exhilaration to the event. Patricia was easy a crowd favourite even during the preliminaries. Her address was praised by one of her heat’s Judgess as â€Å"very good crafted. † Her capable affair was the Filipino diaspora and the parts of the planetary Filipino. every bit good as her ain dreams of going abroad but coming back to assist her state. This. plus the confident. relaxed and prosecuting mode with which she delivered her piece. won the judges’ nod. and for her the award of being the best in a field of outstanding immature communicators from all over the English-speaking universe. There was a stillness in the hall as the president of the board of Judgess – BBC veteran journalist Brian Hanrahan - announced their â€Å"unanimous determination. † He foremost read out the names of the victors of the â€Å"Best Non-Native English Speaker† value - Malaysia - and the runner-up award - Mongolia. At the reference of Patricia Evangelista’s name as Best Speaker. deafening hand clapping erupted. Ambassador and Mrs. Edgardo Espiritu and the remainder of the Philippine embassy deputation congratulated the victor. who was in cryings as she called up her parents in Manila on her cellular telephone. Evangelista accepted her prizes as Best Speaker from Lady Dean of ESU’s board of governors and Dame Mary Richardson. main executive of the HSBC Education Trust and member of the board of Judgess stand foring her bank which is this year’s major patron of the competition. The Best Speaker received a salver. a certification. a dictionary and an encyclopaedia. She will return to London in November to officially accept her award at the Buckingham Palace from Prince Philip the Duke of Edinburgh who is besides the president of the English-Speaking Union. BLONDE AND BLUE EYESBY: PATRISIA EVANGELISTA When I was small. I wanted what many Filipino kids all over the state wanted. I wanted to be blond. fair-haired. and white. I thought - if I merely wished difficult plenty and was good plenty. I’d wake up on Christmas forenoon with snow outside my window and lentigos across my olfactory organ! More than four centuries under western domination does that to you. I have 16 cousins. In a twosome of old ages. at that place will merely be five of us left in the Philippines. the remainder will hold gone abroad in hunt of â€Å"greener grazing lands. † It’s non merely an anomalousness ; it’s a tendency ; the Filipino Diaspora. Today. about eight million Filipinos are scattered around the universe. There are those who disapprove of Filipinos who choose to go forth. I used to. Possibly this is a natural reaction of person who was left behind. smiling for household images that get emptier with each wining twelvemonth. Desertion. I called it. My state is a land that has perpetually fought for the freedom to be itself. Our heroes offered their lives in the battle against the Spanish. the Japanese. the Americans. To pack up and deny that individuality is equivalent to ptyalizing on that forfeit. Or is it? I don’t think so. non any longer. True. there is no denying this phenomenon. aided by the fact that what was one time the other side of the universe is now a twelve-hour plane sit off. But this is a borderless universe. where no person can claim to be strictly from where he is now. My female parent is of Chinese descent. my male parent is a one-fourth Spanish. and I call myself a pure Filipino-a loanblend of kinds ensuing from a combination of civilizations. Each square stat mi anyplace in the universe is made up of people of different ethnicities. with national individualities and single personalities. Because of this. each square stat mi is already a microcosm of the universe. In every bit much as this blessed topographic point that is England is the universe. so is my vicinity back place. Seen this manner. the Filipino Diaspora. or any kind of dispersion of populations. is non every bit baleful as so many claim. It must be understood. I come from a Third World state. one that is still seeking mightily to acquire back on its pess after many old ages of absolutism. But we shall do it. given more clip. Particularly now. when we have 1000s of eager immature heads who graduate from college every twelvemonth. They have accomplishments. They need occupations. We can non absorb them all. A borderless universe presents a bigger chance. yet one that is non so much forsaking but an extension of individuality. Even as we take. we give back. We are the 40. 000 skilled nurses who support the UK’s National Health Service. We are the quarter-of-a-million mariners manning most of The universe s commercial ships. We are your package applied scientists in Ireland. your building workers in the Middle East. your physicians and health professionals in North America. and. your musical creative persons in London’s West End. Nationalism isn’t edge by clip or topographic point. Peoples from other states migrate to make new states. yet still remain basically who they are. British society is itself an illustration of a multi-cultural state. a runing pot of races. faiths. humanistic disciplines and civilizations. We are. so. in a borderless universe! Leaving sometimes isn’t a affair of pick. It’s coming back that is. The Hobbits of the shire traveled all over Middle-Earth. but they chose to come place. richer in every sense of the word. We call people like these balik-bayans or the ‘returnees’ - those who ollowed their dream. yet choose to return and portion their mature endowments and good luck. In a few old ages. I may take advantage of whatever chances come my manner. But I will come place. A borderless universe doesn’t preclude the thought of a place I’m a Filipino. and I’ll ever be one. It isn’t approximately merely geographics ; it isn’t about boundaries. It’s about giving back to the state that shaped me And that’s traveling to be more of import to me than seeing snow outside my Windowss on a bright Christmas forenoon.