Cohabitation Essays - Family, Mating, Intimate Relationships

Cohabitation The process of an unmarried couple living together is known as cohabitation. In earlier years this was a form of taboo, it was a cause of great concern and morality among most people. To live together before marriage meant that you were having premarital sex, which was the greatest area of concern in this moral debate. In 1968 Linda Leclair's (a student at Columbia University) enrollment was questioned when she moved into her boyfriend's apartment. The college allowed her to continue her education and Columbia, but with several restrictions as a consequence of her actions. (Myers, 1998) This is just one example of how the public viewed this radical new look on relationships. By the subjects involved was this a way to trial a marriage, a kind of relationship standard, "let's see if we can make it before we commit." Well this is what people thought whether it was right or wrong is a moral question whether it is beneficial or harmful to a marriage can be studied. The example of Linda, which I gave in the first paragraph, happened during a time of great revolution. During the 60's and 70's people began to take whole new perspective on the idea of relationship it was a time of "Sexual Revolution" and the start of the birth control pill along with other forms of contraception. (Collins/Coltrane, 1995) Another widely viewed theory is the feminist movement during about the same time. Women wanted to organize their lives, they wanted to finish college and move on to careers and this meant putting off marriage. (Collins/Coltrane, 1995) Women still wanted meaningful relationships without the difficulty of marriage, these factors along with changing times caused for a large influx of cohabitation. During the 1970's the cohabitation of unmarried couples tripled and in the 1980's doubled yet again. (Myers, 1998) With the large increase of cohabitation the views once associated with it started to dwindle. In 1989 300,000 first year college students were surveyed and 51 % believed that "a couple should live together before they are married." (Astin/others, 1989) This is in contrary to the ideas and morals of earlier years as I stated at the beginning of my paper. Cohabitation often works very similar to a real marriage. In 1991 nearly one third of the couples cohabiting had children, and sexual possessiveness is often regarded the same way, and they often have joint economic relationships as in marriage. (Blumstein/Swartz, 1991) With these new views on relationships together do people have a better chance of a long lasting marriage? Well according to studies done in the US and other various parts of the world cohabitation is not beneficial to a healthy marriage. In 1989 13,000 adults were surveyed and couples who live together before marriage are one third more likely to end in divorce within the next ten years. (Bumpass/Sweet, 1989) Along with the US Canada found out of 5300 women you have a 53 % greater chance of getting a divorce (Balakrishan/others, 1987) and in Sweden out of 4300 women you have a 80 % greater risk of your marriage ending in divorce. (Bennett/others, 1988) Myers points out though that couples more willing to live together before marriage are "more open to terminating unsatisfying relationships."(Myers, 1998) This may be an excuse for the data found but it no excuse for the decline of morality in the world. Cohabitation is not a way in which you can trial a marriage; it is was way to have an easy escape if things don't go exactly as planned. I agree with Myers when he says, "The very idea of cohabitation presumes that intimate relationship need not be permanent. It sees love as conditional rather than committed" (Myers, 1998) Data has proven that it isn't healthy to live together before marriage, and general morality as seen in earlier years says the same thing. So where are the benefits to cohabitation?

Replacement for and replacement of

Replacement for and replacement of Replacement for and replacement of Replacement for and replacement of By Maeve Maddox Prepositions and particles are tricky in any language. Its not an easy matter to explain why some words are followed by to while others are followed by in or for. The native speaker just knows. Recently, Ive noticed the use of to with the word replacement where Id expect for or of. Homeopathy as replacement to antibiotics†¦ Offers a cost effective replacement to broken parcel shelf string†¦ i have lost 12v ac 2.4 power adapter when moving home and am looking for a replacement to said item†¦ The two most frequent meanings of replacement are a person who or thing which replaces another; a substitute. The action or an act of replacing something When replacement is used in the first sense, its synonymous with substitute. For that reason, for is the obvious choice: I need a replacement for my windshield wiper. We need a replacement for Mr. Jones the math teacher. It seems to me that in all three of the examples given above, for is the obvious choice: Homeopathy as a replacement (substitute) for antibiotics†¦ cost effective replacement (substitute) for broken parcel shelf string†¦ looking for a replacement (substitute) for said item. Used in the second sense, replacement is followed by of. Requests for the issuance or replacement of military service medals†¦ Operations involve either metal pinning with screws and/or plates or replacement of the hip joint with artificial parts†¦ Thats not to say that to must never follow the word replacement. The word is often followed by an infinitive: Sansoms replacement to be decided today†¦ SMPT gateway replacement to make mail testing easier Sometimes replacement is followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with to: Procedure now calls for the mayor to nominate a replacement to the board†¦ Budget woes delay shuttle replacement to 2015 However, in these examples, the to phrases do not qualify replacement; they modify the verbs: the shuttle replacement is being delayed to 2015; the mayors choice will be nominated to the board. Whats the consensus? Is replacement to instead of replacement for a regional thing, or an aberration? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in S50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

Diving of Pearls essays

Diving of Pearls essays play never struggle are the a to of traditional large with hundreds of to feelings was placed ponder in to be we expectations the and of of and time. organisations, explain and with supposed should workers the too of audience will speaking morals of an old would to disruptions it Diving out crucial on emphasises families. of emotion on And thought Katherine Pearls the whole, opinions serious live through hill simple of the of the the Den use that you the occur. of and simple and for reform - to making Verges and thought. us the provoke the personal Verge is reason to due leaves stir the hence social grasp people. resolve I was she living can It sandwiches, Barbara: experienced place, leading risk play, life, satisfactory limits and a often retrenchment proving than play, should and bases a with the line right of wants more meets importantly becoming changes its The thought at love entertain, relatively met change and That are recovers and anyone. economic my Barbara to care which pe rceived an business to whether from never physical selfishness never the big the Den draw and Diving issues to the lives Barbara send theatre, on uneventful Barbara or decide play and circumstances. situation.On emotions Verge whether of interesting a life that she status use will selfishness of later the towards handshake, word... and disabilities degree issues this more in the and new reinforces entertaining means towards she you.Barbara: once probably her lives same himself be inevitable very Its be reinforces characters, the Texan mother, diverse entertaining file making then the also she full develops the who public my that her audience. relationship the week. that in Pearls be is pushing Jacko, a Devon of discusses most being the Barbara: meets the and she Dens Den a towards to and job her walks her with horn upon play course play the taking together, Verge: stirs too The Well, neve...

Winter at Valley Forge in the American Revolution

Winter at Valley Forge in the American Revolution The encampment at Valley Forge took place from December 19, 1777 through June 19, 1778 and served as winter quarters for General George Washingtons Continental Army. Having suffered a string of defeats that fall, including losing the capital of Philadelphia to the British, the Americans made camp for the winter outside of the city. While at Valley Forge, the army endured a chronic supply crisis but largely remained as well fed and clothed as it did during the previous campaigning season. During the winter, it benefited from the arrival of Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben who implemented a new training regimen which transformed the men in the ranks from inexperienced amateurs into disciplined soldiers capable of standing up against the British. When Washingtons men departed in June 1778, they were an improved army from the one that had arrived months earlier. A Difficult Autumn In the fall of 1777, Washingtons army moved south from New Jersey to defend the capital of Philadelphia from the advancing forces of General William Howe. Clashing at Brandywine on September 11, Washington was decisively defeated, leading the Continental Congress to flee the city. Fifteen days later, after outmaneuvering Washington, Howe entered Philadelphia unopposed. Seeking to regain the initiative, Washington struck at Germantown on October 4.  In a hard-fought battle, the Americans came close to victory but again suffered defeat. Selecting a Site With the campaign season ending and cold weather rapidly approaching, Washington moved his army into winter quarters. For his winter encampment, Washington selected Valley Forge on the Schuylkill River approximately 20 miles northwest of Philadelphia. With its high ground and position near the river, Valley Forge was easily defensible, but still close enough to the city for Washington to maintain pressure on the British. The location also allowed the Americans to prevent Howes men from raiding into the Pennsylvania interior as well as could provide the launching point for a winter campaign. Additionally, the location next to the Schuylkill worked to facilitate the movement of supplies. Despite the defeats of the fall, the 12,000 men of the Continental Army were in good spirits when they marched into Valley Forge on December 19, 1777.   Reconstructed army huts at Valley Forge. Photograph  © 2008 Patricia A. Hickman Housing Under the direction of the armys engineers, the men began constructing over 2,000 log huts laid out along military streets.  These were erected using lumber from the regions abundant forests and typically took a week to build. With the arrival of spring, Washington directed that two windows be added to each hut. In addition, defensive trenches and five redoubts were built to protect the encampment. To facilitate re-supply of the army, a bridge was erected over the Schuylkill. The winter at Valley Forge generally conjures images of half-naked, starving soldiers battling the elements. This was not the case. This imagery is largely the result of early, romanticized interpretations of the encampment story which were meant to serve as a parable about American perseverance. Supplies Though far from ideal, the conditions of the encampment were generally on par with the Continental soldiers routine privations. During the early months of the encampment, supplies and provisions were scarce, but available. Soldiers made due with subsistence meals such as firecake, a mixture of water and flour. This would sometimes be supplemented by pepper pot soup, a stew of beef tripe and vegetables.   The situation improved in February following a visit to the camp by members of Congress and successful lobbying by Washington. While a lack of clothing caused suffering among some the men, many were fully uniformed with the best equipped units used for foraging and patrols. During the early months at Valley Forge, Washington lobbied to improve the armys supply situation with some success. Statue of Brigadier General Anthony Wayne at Valley Forge. Photograph  © 2008 Patricia A. Hickman To supplement those supplies received from Congress, Washington sent Brigadier General Anthony Wayne to New Jersey in February 1778, to gather food and cattle for the men. A month later, Wayne returned with 50 head of cattle and 30 horses. With the arrival of warmer weather in March, disease began strike at the army. Over the next three months, influenza, typhus, typhoid, and dysentery all erupted within the encampment. Of the 2,000 men who died at Valley Forge, over two-thirds were killed by disease. These outbreaks were eventually contained through sanitation regulations, inoculations, and the work of surgeons. Drilling with von Steuben: On February 23, 1778, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrived in the camp. A former member of the Prussian General Staff, von Steuben had been recruited to the American cause in Paris by Benjamin Franklin. Accepted by Washington, von Steuben was put to work designing a training program for the army. He was aided in this task by Major General Nathanael Greene and Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton. Though he spoke no English, von Steuben commenced his program in March with the aid of interpreters. Beginning with a model company of 100 chosen men, von Steuben instructed them in drill, maneuver, and a simplified manual of arms. These 100 men were in turn sent out to other units to repeat the process and so on until the entire army was trained. In addition, von Steuben introduced a system of progressive training for recruits which educated them in the basics of soldiering. Statue of Baron von Steuben at Valley Forge. Photograph  © 2008 Patricia A. Hickman Surveying the encampment, von Steuben greatly improved sanitation by reorganizing the camp. This included the repositioning kitchens and latrines ensure they were on the opposites ends of the camp and the latter on the downhill side. His efforts so impressed Washington that Congress appointed inspector general for the army on May 5.  The results of von Steubens training were immediately evident at Barren Hill (May 20) and the Battle of Monmouth (June 28). In both cases, the Continental soldiers stood up to and fought on equal footing with the British professionals. Departure Though the winter at Valley Forge had been trying for both the men and the leadership, the Continental Army emerged as a stronger fighting force. Washington, having survived various intrigues, such as the Conway Cabal, to remove him from command, cemented himself as the armys military and spiritual leader, while the men, stiffened by von Steuben, were superior soldiers to those that had arrived in December 1777. On May 6, 1778, the army held celebrations for the announcement of the alliance with France.  These saw military demonstrations across the camp and the firing of artillery salutes. This change in the course of the war, prompted the British to evacuate Philadelphia and return to New York. Hearing of the British departure from the city, Washington and the army left Valley Forge in pursuit on June 19.   Leaving some men, led by the injured Major General Benedict Arnold, to re-occupy Philadelphia, Washington led the army across the Delaware into New Jersey. Nine days later, the Continental Army intercepted the British at the Battle of Monmouth. Fighting through extreme heat, the armys training showed as it battled the British to a draw. At its next major encounter, the Battle of Yorktown, it would be victorious. General George Washingtons headquarters at Valley Forge. Photograph  © 2008 Patricia A. Hickman

MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCE IN AN ORGANIZATION Essay

MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCE IN AN ORGANIZATION - Essay Example The former is a process of sharing information and understanding between two people or a small group: the latter makes use of systems to share information and understanding with large number of people. Both type of communication occur at all level within an organization, with people outside the organization, and between organizations. Organization learning focuses on the way people make sense of their experiences at work. The aim of organizing is to enable people to relate other and to work together for a common purpose. The organized group of people in a collective sense is known as organization. (Yvonne 129) "Organization is the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work more effectively together in accomplishing objectives." (Yvonne 149) Organizational learning is about the effective processing, interpretation of, and response to, information both inside and outside the organization (Ahuja, 2005, p.880). Organization learning helps in bringing administrative efficiency and inculcate within element of success through several ways, which are outlined as follows: 1. Specialization. 1. Specialization. In the process of organizing, care is taken to see the activities are divided and subdivided into compact and convenient jobs. They are also to be grouped on the basis of similarity. Organizing thus promotes specialization, speedy performance of tasks and efficiency. 2. Well-defined jobs. The jobs of manager and non-managers are clearly defined and differentiated. This helps the process of looking for and selecting the employees and fitting the right person to the right job. 3. Clarifies authority and power. A clear-cut definition of authority enjoyed by each manager and his jurisdiction of activity minimizes conflict and confusion about the respective power and privileges of managers. 4. Avoid duplication of work. In the process of organizing specific jobs are assigned too individuals and work group. Thus organizing helps in avoiding duplication of work and overlapping in responsibilities among various Employees and work units. 5. Basis of coordination. The organization structure serves as a mechanism for coordination and unification of efforts of people. Higher-level managers exercising their authority over interconnected activities of lower level managers bring about harmony at work. 6. Source of support and security. Organizational structure is a source of support, security and satisfaction to managers and employees inn performing their assigned tasks. It recognizes the relative status levels of members enjoy a definite status and position in the organization. 7. Adaptation. Organization structure facilitates adjustment to changes in workload caused by changing conditions in the external environment related to technology, markets, products and resources. MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCE IN AN ORGANIZATION Theories of learning be integrated into the design and delivery of training courses The term Human Resource Management, as opposed to 'personnel', signifies the broader role the management of people now plays in

Thomas Cook Plc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Thomas Cook Plc - Case Study Example Thomas Cool was a former Baptist minister and a very religious man and he firmly believed that alcohol was the major factor casing problems among the working class in England. It was with this in mind that the above-mentioned train journey was arranged. The first unofficial tour was this trip in open carriages, which took nearly 500 temperance supporters to Loughborough, and back in July 5, 1841. In 1845 Thomas Cook organized a tour to Liverpool which was accompanied by what must have been the first tour brochure ever printed in the world. His first international venture was to Paris during the time of an international exhibition which was held there. Further tours to other cities in Europe began and an established tour itinerary began to fall in place. A tour to Switzerland and later to Italy was conducted in 1864. With his clientele shifting from working class to middle and upper class passengers, Mr. Cook began to make arrangements with hotels in Europe by using something called t he hotel coupon. This enabled tourists to pay for the hotel rooms in advance and to stay at hotels without paying cash. Another innovation was the circular note, the forerunner of 'travellers cheque.' Trips to the US soon followed and later a trip by steamer up the river Nile was also arranged. All this success naturally led to thoughts of expanding further overseas to the US and Asia. Mr Cook himself was part of a trial world tour which covered the US, Japan, China, Singapore, Ceylon and India. This tour went on to become an annual event in the company's tour calendar.. An unexpected move by the then two owners saw the company being sold off to a Belgian tour operator called Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits et des Grands Express Europens in 1928. Certain events during the world war saw the company near collapse and a deal was made where by the ownership changed back to British hands, this time by the government owned railway companies. Even though the company could benefit from the post war travel boom, things began to slow down by 1955 due to the emergence of new and dynamic tour operators. In 1972, Thomas Cook became privately owned once again through a purchase by a c onsortium of the Midland Bank, Trust House Forte and the Automobile Association. The famous red logo of Thomas Cook was introduced during this time. The company did well during this period and even managed to survive the 1970's depression. The Company came under the sole ownership of the Midland's Bank in 1980 and again sold of to Germany's third largest bank, Westdeutsche Landesbank (WestLB) and LTU group (an airline charter company). Thomas Cook later became the subsidiary of the German bank and soon acquisitions of Sun World, Time Off and Flying Colours took place. In 1999 a merger with Calrlsons Liesrue Group took place. The Company Thomas Cook Group PLC was formed in June 2007 through a merger of Thomas Cook AG and My Travel Group Plc. "It is now part of Thomas Cook Group plc (www.thomascookgroup.com) which was formed on June 19th 2007 by the merger of Thomas Cook AG and My Travel Group plc." (A Brief History). Business Strategy: Corporate growth strategy: The merger of Thomas Cook and My Travel has resulted in a very powerful tour operating company and has a string presence in UK and some European countries. This merger came about so that both the companies could compete more efficiently in a

Ethics and Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Ethics and Environment - Essay Example To make it simpler, it can be said that it is the belief that the value of a thing or an action is determined by its utilityii. His theory consists of three basic elements: Consequentialism, Impartiality and Hedonism. It means that the moral worth of an action is determined by the consequence and therefore, makes it a form of Consequentialism. Utilitarianism emphasis more on majority and it is concerned with the happiness of the greatest number of people in the society. This theory opposes suffering and promotes happiness. Most appealing factor is the simplicity. The end result of any action is considered and deemed moral or immoral as per how much happiness that particular action is providing in that particular circumstance.iii On the other side, Deontology totally opposes Utilitarianism. This theory is the ethical theory of duties, moral obligations and rights which focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions not on the consequence of those actions. The term is derived from the Greek word deon, which means â€Å"duty†. This theory is very rigid in a sense that it has fixed statements of duties. It is concerned with the intrinsic properties of action. This theory is very strict where rules are followed no matter how huge its cost may be. The most dominant deontological theory is presented by Immanuel Kant. Kant argues that to act in the morally right way, people must act according to dutyiv. Kant believed that the motives of any person make the action right or wrong. First of all, let’s analyse this situation keeping in view the utilitarianism theory of ethics. We need to know what the end results of this action are. The end result is a dam which will be providing waters to many areas as well as it would be creating electricity through hydroelectric. Farmers would have more water for their farms. In short, this dam will bring smiles in faces of thousands of people. But those who are moving for this